發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-02-26 23:13

  本文關(guān)鍵詞： 習(xí)慣法 民間法 國(guó)家法 法源 司法適用　出處：《西南交通大學(xué)》2011年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：民間法的研究在法學(xué)界歷來(lái)備受關(guān)注。從法社會(huì)學(xué)家埃利希的“活法”,到我國(guó)學(xué)者提出的“知識(shí)傳統(tǒng)說(shuō)”、“本土資源說(shuō)”以及“行為規(guī)則說(shuō)”,都代表著民間法研究的不斷發(fā)展和進(jìn)步。但是,民間法的概念界定,其法源地位,其司法適用問(wèn)題,仍然處于熱議之中,值得我們進(jìn)一步探討。筆者認(rèn)為,所謂民間法,是與國(guó)家法相對(duì)應(yīng)的,具有規(guī)范性、強(qiáng)制性和相對(duì)普遍性等法的基本特征,具有地域性、有效性和歷史傳承性等個(gè)性特征的,在一定地域或團(tuán)體、行業(yè)內(nèi)實(shí)際調(diào)整人與人之間權(quán)利和義務(wù)關(guān)系,但未被國(guó)家制定法認(rèn)可的行為規(guī)范。鄉(xiāng)規(guī)民約、行業(yè)規(guī)章、宗教規(guī)范和少數(shù)民族習(xí)慣等是民間法的主要表現(xiàn)形式。民間法在人們的現(xiàn)實(shí)生活中具有重要意義,它是調(diào)整鄉(xiāng)土社會(huì)秩序的行為規(guī)則,是國(guó)家法的重要補(bǔ)充規(guī)則,也是溝通外來(lái)法律與本土資源的橋梁。但民間法由于其自身的局限性以及觀念、制度上的限制,其法源地位一直未得到國(guó)家制定法的認(rèn)可,司法適用現(xiàn)狀也不盡如人意。但是,在能動(dòng)司法、和諧司法的背景下,認(rèn)可民間法的地位和價(jià)值,發(fā)揮民間法對(duì)司法實(shí)踐的積極作用勢(shì)在必行。民間法與國(guó)家法在文化、價(jià)值上的同源性以及現(xiàn)行立法均為民間法的司法適用提供了可能。筆者從民間法概念分析入手,進(jìn)而論證民間法的法源地位,認(rèn)為民間法在我國(guó)恰當(dāng)?shù)牡匚皇浅洚?dāng)補(bǔ)充性的法律淵源。在分析民間法司法適用現(xiàn)狀的基礎(chǔ)上,找出導(dǎo)致民間法司法適用困境的主要原因,最后提出民間法的正式司法適用,并為民間法的司法適用提出了條件要求以及有效的形式。 本文以比較研究的方法為主,兼用歷史研究法和法社會(huì)學(xué)研究的方法,對(duì)民間法的概念、法源地位及其司法適用等主要問(wèn)題進(jìn)行了探討。本文主要內(nèi)容包括五章。作為第一章的緒論,分析了選題背景、研究意義以及本文的主要研究方法。第二章主要闡釋民間法的概念,從學(xué)界主要學(xué)說(shuō)到民間法的特征、主要表現(xiàn)形式、與相關(guān)概念關(guān)系的分析,得出筆者的觀點(diǎn),認(rèn)為民間法是與國(guó)家法相對(duì)應(yīng)的,具有規(guī)范性、強(qiáng)制性和相對(duì)普遍性等法的基本特征,具有地域性、有效性和歷史傳承性等個(gè)性特征的,在一定地域或團(tuán)體、行業(yè)內(nèi)實(shí)際調(diào)整人與人之間權(quán)利和義務(wù)關(guān)系,但未被國(guó)家制定法認(rèn)可的行為規(guī)范。第三章對(duì)民間法的法源地位及其作為法源的價(jià)值進(jìn)行分析論述,提出民間法適宜充當(dāng)補(bǔ)充性的法律淵源。第四章和第五章主要研究民間法的司法適用問(wèn)題,從現(xiàn)狀及困境出發(fā),探索出民間法司法適用的可能性、基本條件以及有效形式。
[Abstract]:The study of folk law has always received much attention in the field of law. From "living Law" by legal sociologist Erlich, to the "tradition of knowledge", "theory of local resources" and "theory of rules of conduct" proposed by Chinese scholars, they all represent the study of folk law. But, The definition of the concept of folk law, its legal source status and its judicial application are still under heated discussion, which is worthy of further discussion. The author believes that the so-called folk law is corresponding to the national law and has a normative character. Where the basic characteristics of compulsory and relatively universal laws, such as regional, effective and historical characteristics, are such as regional, effective and historical, the relations of rights and obligations between people are actually adjusted in a certain region or group, within the industry, However, the norms of conduct not recognized by the state law are the main forms of folk law, such as rural regulations, trade regulations, religious norms and customs of ethnic minorities. Folk law is of great significance in people's real life. It is the behavior rule that adjusts the local society order, is the important supplementary rule of the national law, also is the bridge between the foreign law and the native resources. But the folk law because of its own limitation and the concept, the system limit, The status of its source of law has not been recognized by the state, and the current situation of judicial application is not satisfactory. However, in the context of active justice and harmonious justice, the status and value of civil law is recognized. It is imperative to give full play to the positive role of folk law in judicial practice. The homology of folk law and national law in culture, value and current legislation all provide the possibility for the judicial application of folk law. Furthermore, the author argues that the proper position of folk law in our country is to act as a supplementary source of law. On the basis of analyzing the current situation of judicial application of folk law, the main reasons leading to the dilemma of judicial application of folk law are found out. Finally, it puts forward the formal judicial application of the folk law, and puts forward the conditions and effective forms for the judicial application of the folk law. In this paper, the concept of folk law is mainly studied by the method of comparative study, and by the methods of historical research and sociology of law. The main contents of this paper include five chapters. As the introduction of the first chapter, this paper analyzes the background of the topic. The second chapter mainly explains the concept of folk law, from the main academic theory to the characteristics of folk law, the main forms of expression, and the analysis of the relationship between the relevant concepts, the author's point of view, It is believed that the folk law is corresponding to the national law and has the basic characteristics of normative, compulsory and relative universal law, and has regional, effective, historical and other personality characteristics, in a certain region or group. The third chapter analyzes the legal status of folk law and its value as a source of law. Chapter 4th and Chapter 5th mainly study the judicial application of folk law, and explore the possibility, basic conditions and effective form of the judicial application of folk law from the point of view of the present situation and predicament.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：西南交通大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2011
【分類號(hào)】：D90;D926

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本文編號(hào)：1540093