本文關(guān)鍵詞： 習慣法 民間法 國家法 法源 司法適用　出處：《西南交通大學》2011年碩士論文　論文類型：學位論文

【摘要】：民間法的研究在法學界歷來備受關(guān)注。從法社會學家埃利希的“活法”,到我國學者提出的“知識傳統(tǒng)說”、“本土資源說”以及“行為規(guī)則說”,都代表著民間法研究的不斷發(fā)展和進步。但是,民間法的概念界定,其法源地位,其司法適用問題,仍然處于熱議之中,值得我們進一步探討。筆者認為,所謂民間法,是與國家法相對應(yīng)的,具有規(guī)范性、強制性和相對普遍性等法的基本特征,具有地域性、有效性和歷史傳承性等個性特征的,在一定地域或團體、行業(yè)內(nèi)實際調(diào)整人與人之間權(quán)利和義務(wù)關(guān)系,但未被國家制定法認可的行為規(guī)范。鄉(xiāng)規(guī)民約、行業(yè)規(guī)章、宗教規(guī)范和少數(shù)民族習慣等是民間法的主要表現(xiàn)形式。民間法在人們的現(xiàn)實生活中具有重要意義,它是調(diào)整鄉(xiāng)土社會秩序的行為規(guī)則,是國家法的重要補充規(guī)則,也是溝通外來法律與本土資源的橋梁。但民間法由于其自身的局限性以及觀念、制度上的限制,其法源地位一直未得到國家制定法的認可,司法適用現(xiàn)狀也不盡如人意。但是,在能動司法、和諧司法的背景下,認可民間法的地位和價值,發(fā)揮民間法對司法實踐的積極作用勢在必行。民間法與國家法在文化、價值上的同源性以及現(xiàn)行立法均為民間法的司法適用提供了可能。筆者從民間法概念分析入手,進而論證民間法的法源地位,認為民間法在我國恰當?shù)牡匚皇浅洚斞a充性的法律淵源。在分析民間法司法適用現(xiàn)狀的基礎(chǔ)上,找出導致民間法司法適用困境的主要原因,最后提出民間法的正式司法適用,并為民間法的司法適用提出了條件要求以及有效的形式。 本文以比較研究的方法為主,兼用歷史研究法和法社會學研究的方法,對民間法的概念、法源地位及其司法適用等主要問題進行了探討。本文主要內(nèi)容包括五章。作為第一章的緒論,分析了選題背景、研究意義以及本文的主要研究方法。第二章主要闡釋民間法的概念,從學界主要學說到民間法的特征、主要表現(xiàn)形式、與相關(guān)概念關(guān)系的分析,得出筆者的觀點,認為民間法是與國家法相對應(yīng)的,具有規(guī)范性、強制性和相對普遍性等法的基本特征,具有地域性、有效性和歷史傳承性等個性特征的,在一定地域或團體、行業(yè)內(nèi)實際調(diào)整人與人之間權(quán)利和義務(wù)關(guān)系,但未被國家制定法認可的行為規(guī)范。第三章對民間法的法源地位及其作為法源的價值進行分析論述,提出民間法適宜充當補充性的法律淵源。第四章和第五章主要研究民間法的司法適用問題,從現(xiàn)狀及困境出發(fā),探索出民間法司法適用的可能性、基本條件以及有效形式。
[Abstract]:The study of folk law has always received much attention in the field of law. From "living Law" by legal sociologist Erlich, to the "tradition of knowledge", "theory of local resources" and "theory of rules of conduct" proposed by Chinese scholars, they all represent the study of folk law. But, The definition of the concept of folk law, its legal source status and its judicial application are still under heated discussion, which is worthy of further discussion. The author believes that the so-called folk law is corresponding to the national law and has a normative character. Where the basic characteristics of compulsory and relatively universal laws, such as regional, effective and historical characteristics, are such as regional, effective and historical, the relations of rights and obligations between people are actually adjusted in a certain region or group, within the industry, However, the norms of conduct not recognized by the state law are the main forms of folk law, such as rural regulations, trade regulations, religious norms and customs of ethnic minorities. Folk law is of great significance in people's real life. It is the behavior rule that adjusts the local society order, is the important supplementary rule of the national law, also is the bridge between the foreign law and the native resources. But the folk law because of its own limitation and the concept, the system limit, The status of its source of law has not been recognized by the state, and the current situation of judicial application is not satisfactory. However, in the context of active justice and harmonious justice, the status and value of civil law is recognized. It is imperative to give full play to the positive role of folk law in judicial practice. The homology of folk law and national law in culture, value and current legislation all provide the possibility for the judicial application of folk law. Furthermore, the author argues that the proper position of folk law in our country is to act as a supplementary source of law. On the basis of analyzing the current situation of judicial application of folk law, the main reasons leading to the dilemma of judicial application of folk law are found out. Finally, it puts forward the formal judicial application of the folk law, and puts forward the conditions and effective forms for the judicial application of the folk law. In this paper, the concept of folk law is mainly studied by the method of comparative study, and by the methods of historical research and sociology of law. The main contents of this paper include five chapters. As the introduction of the first chapter, this paper analyzes the background of the topic. The second chapter mainly explains the concept of folk law, from the main academic theory to the characteristics of folk law, the main forms of expression, and the analysis of the relationship between the relevant concepts, the author's point of view, It is believed that the folk law is corresponding to the national law and has the basic characteristics of normative, compulsory and relative universal law, and has regional, effective, historical and other personality characteristics, in a certain region or group. The third chapter analyzes the legal status of folk law and its value as a source of law. Chapter 4th and Chapter 5th mainly study the judicial application of folk law, and explore the possibility, basic conditions and effective form of the judicial application of folk law from the point of view of the present situation and predicament.
【學位授予單位】：西南交通大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2011
【分類號】：D90;D926

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