本文關(guān)鍵詞： 涵攝 價值判斷 類推 法官造法　出處：《西南政法大學》2012年碩士論文　論文類型：學位論文

【摘要】：涵攝作為一種較傳統(tǒng)的法律適用模式，講究的是一種形式，一種固定的法律適用程序，在司法系統(tǒng)作為三段論機器時代的法律案件裁判中發(fā)揮著主導作用。近代隨著社會經(jīng)濟的加速發(fā)展，人們的社會關(guān)系也越加復雜化，，由此引發(fā)的各種糾紛也呈現(xiàn)出復雜化的發(fā)展趨勢，各類疑難案件大量增加。涵攝模式由于其自身的缺陷，逐漸無法適應復雜多變的司法現(xiàn)實需要，陷入了價值判斷的困境。固定的涵攝模式無法解決蘊含著價值判斷的案件的法律適用問題。 文章首先對涵攝模式及涵攝模式的價值判斷困境進行了分析，簡要論述了涵攝，分析了涵攝模式在具體的案件裁判中陷入的價值困境。針對涵攝模式的價值判斷困境問題，結(jié)合現(xiàn)實的案件裁判需要以及歐美國家司法實踐中的一些先進制度，提出了解決涵攝模式困境的一些建議，如法律解釋、類推、法官造法等。將這些新途徑與涵攝模式結(jié)合起來適用于案件的裁判過程，使得案件的判決不僅能夠?qū)崿F(xiàn)法律程序正義，也能達到法律實體正義的要求，真正維護案件判斷結(jié)果的公平正義。文章主要分為三大部分： 第一部分，關(guān)于什么是涵攝的問題。首先對涵攝的內(nèi)涵進行了闡述，綜合論述了關(guān)于涵攝定義的一些觀點，概括了涵攝內(nèi)涵的一般理論，同時對涵攝的結(jié)構(gòu)模式進行了分析。然后闡述了涵攝的特點，指出了涵攝模式的不足及優(yōu)勢所在，并在此基礎(chǔ)上對涵攝與其他一些相關(guān)概念如演繹推理、法律論證等的關(guān)系及異同作了簡要論述。 第二部分，關(guān)于涵攝模式的困境問題。涵攝模式在近代以來受到大量批評，主要原因就是其適用過程中價值判斷的缺失，認為涵攝模式過于機械，已經(jīng)無法適應現(xiàn)代復雜多變的法制實踐需求。接下來對涵攝模式與價值判斷之間的關(guān)系以及涵攝價值判斷缺失問題進行了分析。 第三部分，涵攝模式價值判斷缺失的解決途徑問題，也即涵攝模式困境之出路的探索。在對疑難案件這一典型的難以使用涵攝模式的案件類型進行分析的基礎(chǔ)上，提出了涵攝模式與價值判斷互相銜接的路徑。通過法律原則與法律解釋的大量運用來解決涵攝模式的大前提問題，以此將價值判斷蘊于涵攝模式中去。最后對類推以及法官造法這兩種在一定程度上可以解決涵攝模式困境的方式進行了論述。 文章的重點放在第三部分——涵攝模式價值判斷缺失的解決途徑問題上，針對第二部分中論述的涵攝模式困境，結(jié)合具體的案件裁判提出解決這一困境的建議。
[Abstract]:As a more traditional mode of application of the law, the culvert is concerned with a form, a fixed procedure for the application of the law. The judicial system plays a leading role in the adjudication of legal cases in the age of syllogism machine. With the rapid development of social economy in modern times, people's social relations become more and more complicated. All kinds of disputes caused by this also show a complex trend of development, and all kinds of difficult cases increase greatly. Because of its own defects, the inclusion mode is gradually unable to adapt to the complex and changeable needs of the judicial reality. In the dilemma of value judgment, the fixed inclusion mode can not solve the problem of law application in cases with value judgment. This paper first analyzes the value judgment dilemma of the culvert mode and the culvert mode, briefly discusses the culvert mode, analyzes the value dilemma that the culvert mode falls into in the concrete case adjudication, and aims at the value judgment dilemma of the culvert mode. Combined with the actual case adjudication needs and some advanced systems in the judicial practice of European and American countries, this paper puts forward some suggestions to solve the dilemma of the inclusion mode, such as legal interpretation, analogies, and so on. Judges make laws and so on. The combination of these new approaches with the inclusion model can be applied to the adjudication process of the case, so that the judgment of the case can not only achieve the justice of legal procedure, but also meet the requirements of legal substantive justice. The article is divided into three parts:. The first part is about the question of what is the inclusion. Firstly, the connotation of the inclusion is expounded, and some views about the definition of the inclusion are comprehensively discussed, and the general theory of the connotation of the inclusion is summarized. At the same time, the structural pattern of culvert is analyzed, and then the characteristics of culvert are expounded, and the deficiency and advantage of culvert mode are pointed out, and on the basis of this, some related concepts such as deductive reasoning are discussed. The relationship, similarities and differences between legal argumentation and so on are briefly discussed. The second part is about the dilemma of the inclusion mode, which has received a lot of criticism since modern times. The main reason is the lack of value judgment in the process of its application, and it is considered that the inclusion mode is too mechanical. It has been unable to meet the needs of modern complex and changeable legal practice. Then, the relationship between inclusion mode and value judgment and the lack of inclusive value judgment are analyzed. The third part, the solution to the problem of the lack of value judgment of the inclusion mode, that is, the exploration of the way out of the dilemma of the mode of inclusion, on the basis of analyzing the difficult case, which is a typical case type which is difficult to use the mode of inclusion. This paper puts forward the path of linking the inclusive mode with the value judgment. Through the extensive application of the legal principle and the legal interpretation, it solves the major premise problem of the culvert mode. In this way, the value judgment is implied in the inclusive mode. Finally, the analogies and the judge law are discussed, which can solve the dilemma of the inclusion mode to a certain extent. The emphasis of this paper is on the solution to the problem of the lack of value judgment in the third part. In view of the dilemma of the culvert mode discussed in the second part, the author puts forward some suggestions to solve this dilemma in combination with the concrete case judgment.
【學位授予單位】：西南政法大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2012
【分類號】：D90-051

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