本文關(guān)鍵詞： 亨利二世司法改革 令狀 巡回法院 陪審制　出處：《華東政法大學(xué)》2012年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：12-13世紀(jì)是英國法律發(fā)生革命性變化的一個(gè)階段，此時(shí)的英國普通法開始形成，以判例和習(xí)慣為主導(dǎo)的法律制度漸漸成形，，英國也開始完成從封建法治文明到現(xiàn)代法治文明的轉(zhuǎn)變。而這一切變化的發(fā)生，都與亨利二世在位期間所進(jìn)行的司法改革有著千絲萬縷的聯(lián)系。亨利二世結(jié)束了英國長達(dá)二十年的戰(zhàn)亂，穩(wěn)定了政治局勢(shì)，采取了一列列加強(qiáng)王權(quán)的措施。最主要的是，他采取了許多司法改革方面的措施——完善了王室法院系統(tǒng)，建立了陪審制度和巡回法院制度，完成了行政令狀到司法化令狀的轉(zhuǎn)變，通過這些改革，結(jié)束了改革前英國混亂不堪的法制局面，為英國普通法的發(fā)展打下了堅(jiān)實(shí)的基礎(chǔ)，也為未來英國法的發(fā)展指引了方向。本文將從歷史背景、改革的具體措施以及改革的影響三大方面進(jìn)行著手，對(duì)亨利二世進(jìn)行的司法改革進(jìn)行探討和研究。 導(dǎo)言部分主要是介紹了一下亨利二世改革的研究價(jià)值，以及為什么單單要選取他的司法改革為研究方向。文章的第一部分對(duì)亨利二世司法改革的歷史背景（主要是亨利二世改革前的英國司法狀況）進(jìn)行了簡要地介紹，亨利二世改革前，英國的司法可以說是原始落后，司法管轄權(quán)混亂，而且缺乏制度保障，在這種情況下，亨利二世的司法改革應(yīng)運(yùn)而生。文章的第二部分具體介紹了亨利二世司法改革的四大措施和成就——司法化令狀、常設(shè)性的專職法院、巡回審判制度、陪審制度。對(duì)各項(xiàng)制度的內(nèi)涵、來龍去脈，亨利二世對(duì)各項(xiàng)制度的改造及其歷史意義都進(jìn)行了介紹，其中對(duì)司法化令狀制度的介紹著墨尤重，因?yàn)楣P者認(rèn)為這項(xiàng)制度對(duì)英國司法的影響尤為重要。文章的第三部分介紹了亨利二世司法改革的影響，這一部分主要選取了亨利二世司法改革對(duì)英國司法職業(yè)化、專業(yè)化以及對(duì)英國司法獨(dú)立兩方面的貢獻(xiàn)，從中可以看到亨利二世改革對(duì)英國普通法的形成以及英國現(xiàn)代法治文明的發(fā)展所產(chǎn)生的深遠(yuǎn)影響。最后的結(jié)語部分主要是對(duì)文章的歸納和總結(jié)。即使亨利二世進(jìn)行的司法改革帶有一定的應(yīng)急性色彩，但是并不能因此否定亨利二世司法改革對(duì)英國法所作出的杰出貢獻(xiàn)。
[Abstract]:The 12-13 th century was a period of revolutionary change in English law, when the common law of England began to form, and the legal system, dominated by precedents and habits, gradually took shape. Britain also began to complete the transition from feudal civilization of rule of law to modern civilization of rule of law. Were inextricably linked to the judicial reforms carried out during the reign of Henry II. Henry II put an end to two decades of war in Britain, stabilized the political situation, and adopted a series of measures to strengthen Wang Quan. The most important thing is, He took many steps in the area of judicial reform-perfecting the royal court system, establishing the jury system and the circuit court system, completing the transition from an administrative writ to a judicial writ, through these reforms. It put an end to the chaotic legal situation before the reform, laid a solid foundation for the development of the common law of England, and guided the development of English law in the future. The concrete measures of the reform and the influence of the reform are carried out in three aspects, and the judicial reform carried out by Henry II is discussed and studied. The introduction mainly introduces the research value of Henry II reform. The first part of the article briefly introduces the historical background of Henry II's judicial reform (mainly the British judicial situation before Henry II's reform). Before Henry II's reform, British justice could be described as primitive backwardness, confusion of jurisdiction, and lack of institutional protection. The second part of the article introduces the four measures and achievements of Henry II's judicial reform, including judicial writ, permanent full-time court, circuit trial system, etc. The jury system. The connotation of the various systems, the history of each system, Henry II on the reform of the system and its historical significance are introduced, among which the introduction of the judicial writ system is particularly important. The third part of the article introduces the influence of Henry II judicial reform, this part mainly selects Henry II judicial reform to the British judicial professionalization. Specialization and contribution to the independence of the British judiciary, From this, we can see the profound influence of Henry II reform on the formation of common law and the development of modern law civilization in England. Finally, the conclusion is mainly about the induction and summary of the article. The judicial reform carried out with a certain degree of acutely urgent color, But this does not negate Henry II's outstanding contribution to English law.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：華東政法大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類號(hào)】：D956.1;DD916

【參考文獻(xiàn)】

相關(guān)期刊論文 前3條

1 李維;;英國巡回審判制度的產(chǎn)生、發(fā)展及其影響[J];法制與社會(huì);2008年33期

2 李紅海;亨利二世改革與英國普通法[J];中外法學(xué);1996年06期

3 程漢大;;亨利二世司法改革新論[J];環(huán)球法律評(píng)論;2009年02期

相關(guān)博士學(xué)位論文 前1條

1 屈文生;令狀制度研究[D];華東政法大學(xué);2009年

相關(guān)碩士學(xué)位論文 前1條

1 孫德鵬;令狀的司法化與普通法的形成[D];西南政法大學(xué);2004年

本文編號(hào)：1506326