本文關(guān)鍵詞： 12—16世紀(jì) 英國(guó) 治安法官制度　出處：《天津師范大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：12—16世紀(jì)是英國(guó)由中世紀(jì)向近代社會(huì)轉(zhuǎn)變的關(guān)鍵時(shí)期,這一時(shí)期無論是經(jīng)濟(jì)還是社會(huì)政治都發(fā)生了劇烈變革,治安法官制度正是英國(guó)司法行政體系變革中孕育的新生兒。治安法官起源于12世紀(jì)末出現(xiàn)的治安維持官,此后逐漸發(fā)展為一種制度,16世紀(jì)是治安法官制度的黃金時(shí)期,此時(shí)期不僅是對(duì)之前治安法官所有職能的總結(jié),更是最大限度的賦予了他們更多的職能,奠定了之后三個(gè)世紀(jì)中治安法官制度的基礎(chǔ)。加強(qiáng)對(duì)12—16世紀(jì)治安法官制度的研究有助于我們更深入的理解英國(guó)社會(huì)的轉(zhuǎn)型,挖掘其內(nèi)部發(fā)展的動(dòng)力。因此,本文嘗試從歷史的角度,探尋治安法官制度的發(fā)展軌跡和人員的選任,考察治安法官制度在政治、經(jīng)濟(jì)、社會(huì)生活中扮演的角色和作用。本文一共分為四個(gè)部分。緒論,主要介紹本文的立意和國(guó)內(nèi)外學(xué)者對(duì)治安法官制度的研究情況,并就研究方法和創(chuàng)新點(diǎn)進(jìn)行簡(jiǎn)單說明。第一章,治安法官的興起與發(fā)展。本章力求對(duì)12—16世紀(jì)治安法官的興起與發(fā)展做出較為清晰的梳理,并結(jié)合當(dāng)時(shí)的社會(huì)背景進(jìn)一步分析治安法官是如何制度化的。第二章,治安法官與基層司法及社會(huì)管理。本章首先考察了治安法官群體的人選和任職資格,得出鄉(xiāng)紳是出任治安法官的最佳人選。在此基礎(chǔ)上分別對(duì)治安法官的基層司法職能和社會(huì)管理職能進(jìn)行說明,論證治安法官制度在16世紀(jì)已經(jīng)發(fā)展成英國(guó)十分重要的且獨(dú)具特色的制度之一。第三章,治安法官制度與英國(guó)社會(huì)政治變革。治安法官制度逐漸走向成熟,對(duì)當(dāng)時(shí)英國(guó)社會(huì)政治的作用日益明顯,既維持了英國(guó)地方自治的傳統(tǒng),又增強(qiáng)了英國(guó)王權(quán)。結(jié)語,總結(jié)全文。在四百多年的風(fēng)雨中,治安法官制度從最初的幼苗成長(zhǎng)為都鐸王朝的國(guó)之棟梁,于細(xì)枝末節(jié)處維持著整個(gè)國(guó)家的運(yùn)作,成為維系地方和中央政府的橋梁,大大推進(jìn)了英國(guó)走向近代的步伐。
[Abstract]:The 12-16th century was the key period of the transition from the Middle Ages to the modern society in England, which had undergone drastic changes in both economy and politics. The justice of the peace system is the newborn born in the reform of the British judicial administration system. The magistrate originated in the end of 12th century, and then gradually developed into a system which was the golden age of the system of magistrates in the 16th century. This period is not only a summary of all the functions of the former magistrates, but also gives them more functions to the maximum extent possible. The strengthening of the study of the system of magistrates in the 12-16 century will help us to better understand the transformation of British society and to tap the impetus of its internal development. This paper attempts to explore the development of the system of magistrates and the selection of personnel from a historical point of view, and to investigate the role and role of the system of magistrates in political, economic and social life. This paper mainly introduces the idea of this article and the domestic and foreign scholars' research on the system of magistrates, and gives a brief explanation of the research methods and innovations. The rise and development of magistrates. This chapter tries to make a clear combing of the rise and development of magistrates in the 12-16 century, and further analyzes how the magistrates are institutionalized in the light of the social background at that time. This chapter first examines the candidates and qualifications of the group of magistrates. It is concluded that the squire is the best candidate for the post of magistrate. On this basis, the basic judicial functions and the social management functions of the magistrates are respectively explained. It is demonstrated that in 16th century, the system of magistrates has developed into one of the most important and unique systems in Britain. Chapter three, the system of magistrates and the social and political changes in the United Kingdom. The system of magistrates has gradually matured. At that time, the role of British society and politics became more and more obvious. It not only maintained the tradition of British local autonomy, but also strengthened the British Wang Quan. Conclusion, summing up the full text. In more than 400 years of wind and rain, The system of magistrates grew from the initial seedling to the pillars of the Tudor dynasty, maintained the operation of the whole country at the small points, became the bridge to maintain the local and central government, and greatly promoted the pace of Britain to modern times.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：天津師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：D951.6;DD916.2

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