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賈誼《新書》法律思想探析

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  本文關(guān)鍵詞: 賈誼 《新書》 法律思想 現(xiàn)代價值 出處:《中南民族大學(xué)》2012年碩士論文 論文類型:學(xué)位論文


【摘要】:賈誼是秦漢之際儒家學(xué)派的代表人物,是西漢著名的法律家、思想家。賈誼所處的漢初是一特殊的歷史階段,是由戰(zhàn)國“百家爭鳴”經(jīng)秦朝“專任法治”過渡到漢初“黃老”治國再到漢武帝時期“罷黜百家,獨尊儒術(shù)”的法律思想不斷流變轉(zhuǎn)型的關(guān)鍵時期。賈誼生于此世,故其法律思想通過吸收儒、道、法而呈現(xiàn)出兼容并蓄的開放態(tài)勢。其中,,賈誼以儒家思想為核心,以法、道思想之長濟(jì)儒家思想之不足,從而以最為和諧的方法將三者糅合在一起,形成有效改革漢初時弊的法律思想。正是在此意義上,筆者認(rèn)為賈誼《新書》法律思想在建立儒學(xué)一統(tǒng)的統(tǒng)治思想的過程中具有特殊的歷史地位。其法律思想上承周秦諸子余緒,下啟董仲舒大一統(tǒng)思想,在兩漢及整個中國法律思想文化史上承前啟后,繼往開來,對西漢及中國兩千年來封建正統(tǒng)法律思想的創(chuàng)立功不可沒。所以,研究賈誼《新書》法律思想意義重大。本文通過對賈誼《新書》法律思想的探究,試圖揭示出賈誼法律思想產(chǎn)生發(fā)展的社會動因及思想發(fā)展的內(nèi)在邏輯,以邏輯與歷史相統(tǒng)一的視角,作出具有法律文化學(xué)意義的理論聯(lián)系實際的研究嘗試。 全文分為五大部分: 第一部分概述賈誼的生平及其《新書》。 第二部分分析《新書》法律思想形成的社會歷史背景和其理論基礎(chǔ)。通過對漢初社會歷史背景的總結(jié),以求獲知其思想形成的歷史基壤。通過分析其法律思想的淵源以及學(xué)派歸屬,以求獲得其法律思想的邏輯起點及批判繼承的基本內(nèi)涵。 第三部分介紹《新書》法律思想的精髓提要。主要包括“變化因時”的變法觀,維護(hù)封建統(tǒng)治的“禮法結(jié)合”論,“夫禮者禁于將然之前,而法者禁于已然之后”的犯罪預(yù)防論,“寧失有罪,不殺無辜”的“疑罪從無”論,“民惟邦本”的民本思想,“立經(jīng)陳紀(jì)”的立法論,“刑不上大夫”的執(zhí)法觀,“驅(qū)民歸農(nóng)”與“令禁鑄錢”的經(jīng)濟(jì)立法思想,以及解決時代難題的法律實踐與對策。 第四部分對賈誼《新書》法律思想進(jìn)行評價,主要分析其法律思想的進(jìn)步性及局限性。 第五部分總結(jié)賈誼《新書》法律思想的現(xiàn)代價值,即“禮法結(jié)合”論對現(xiàn)代“德法同治”的借鑒,“寧失有罪,不殺無辜”與現(xiàn)代“疑罪從無”原則的暗合,“民惟邦本”與現(xiàn)代中國“以人為本”法治理念的契合,“驅(qū)民歸農(nóng)”對現(xiàn)代中國農(nóng)業(yè)立法的借鑒。
[Abstract]:Jia Yi was a representative figure of Confucian school in the Qin and Han dynasties. He was a famous lawmaker and thinker in the Western Han Dynasty. The beginning of the Han Dynasty was a special historical stage. From the warring States "hundred schools of thought contending" through the Qin Dynasty "full-time rule of law" transition to the early Han "Huang Lao" rule of state to the Han Dynasty Wu Emperor "ousted hundred schools." Jia Yi was born in this world, so his legal thought showed an all-embracing opening situation through absorbing Confucianism, Taoism and law. Jia Yi takes the Confucian thought as the core, with the law, the Taoism thought long economy Confucian thought insufficiency, thus with the most harmonious method mixes the three together. It is in this sense that the effective reform of the legal ideology of the early Han Dynasty was formed. The author thinks that the legal thought of Jia Yi has a special historical position in the process of establishing the ruling thought of the unity of Confucianism. In the Han Dynasty and the whole history of Chinese legal ideology and culture, carrying on the past and opening up to the future, contributed to the creation of feudal orthodox legal thought in the Western Han Dynasty and China for two thousand years. The study of Jia Yi's legal thought is of great significance. This paper tries to reveal the social motivation and the inner logic of Jia Yi's legal thought through the exploration of Jia Yi's legal thought. From the angle of the unity of logic and history, this paper attempts to combine theory with practice with the meaning of legal culturology. The full text is divided into five parts: The first part summarizes Jia Yi's life and his new book. The second part analyzes the social and historical background of the formation of the legal thought and its theoretical basis. Through the summary of the social and historical background of the early Han Dynasty. Through the analysis of the origin of his legal thought and the ownership of the school, the logical starting point of his legal thought and the basic connotation of critical inheritance can be obtained. The third part introduces the essence of the legal thought of "new book". It mainly includes the concept of "change due to time", the theory of "combination of etiquette and law" to maintain feudal rule. However, the legalists have banned the theory of crime prevention, the theory of "crime is better lost than innocent", the thought of "people based on the state of the people" and the legislative theory of "setting up the Chen Ji". The law enforcement view of "punishment is not on the doctor", the economic legislation thought of "driving the people to agriculture" and "forbidding to cast money", as well as the legal practice and countermeasures to solve the difficult problems of the times. In the 4th part, the author evaluates Jia Yi's legal thought, mainly analyzes the progress and limitation of his legal thought. The 5th part summarizes the modern value of Jia Yi's legal thought, that is, the reference of the theory of "the combination of etiquette and law" to the modern "rule of virtue and law", which combines the principle of "losing guilt, not killing innocent" with the principle of "never having a crime". The combination of "people only" and "people-oriented" rule of law in modern China, and the reference of "driving people to agriculture" to modern China's agricultural legislation.
【學(xué)位授予單位】:中南民族大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】:碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】:2012
【分類號】:D909.2

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