本文關(guān)鍵詞： 民國 工廠檢查 立法 實(shí)施 評(píng)價(jià) 歷史價(jià)值　出處：《西南政法大學(xué)》2011年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：自晚清始,中國遭遇了千年未遇之變局。尤其是民國時(shí)期,戰(zhàn)亂不斷、中西碰撞,社會(huì)處于一個(gè)大轉(zhuǎn)型時(shí)期。面對(duì)近代國際國內(nèi)紛繁復(fù)雜、變幻莫測的局勢,國民政府首創(chuàng)了中國歷史上的許多政治制度、社會(huì)制度、法律制度等,以應(yīng)對(duì)和解決轉(zhuǎn)型社會(huì)中的種種難題,勞工法制就是其中之一。面對(duì)不斷發(fā)展壯大的勞工力量、日益激烈的勞資斗爭,為緩和勞資矛盾、發(fā)展生產(chǎn),國民政府制訂了大量的勞工立法,如《工廠法》、《工廠法施行條例》、《工廠檢查法》、《工會(huì)法》、《團(tuán)體協(xié)約法》等,初步構(gòu)建了國民政府的勞工法制。工廠檢查法作為勞工立法中重要組成部分,隨著勞工立法的不斷頒布和發(fā)展,也逐步發(fā)展和完善起來。 民國時(shí)期,國民政府制定和頒布了大量涉及工廠檢查的立法,如《工廠檢查法》、《實(shí)業(yè)部工廠檢查委員會(huì)章程》、《社會(huì)部工廠檢查員服務(wù)須知》等,在中國近代史上第一次制定和頒布有關(guān)工廠檢查方面的立法。這些立法不僅在立法層面上構(gòu)建了一套相對(duì)完整和完善的工廠檢查法制,而且這些工廠檢查立法的內(nèi)容大多借鑒先進(jìn)工業(yè)化國家的相關(guān)立法成果,內(nèi)容先進(jìn),達(dá)到了世界先進(jìn)水平。而條文內(nèi)容也體現(xiàn)了貫徹實(shí)施勞工法律法規(guī)、保護(hù)勞工健康與安全的近現(xiàn)代勞工立法的立法理念。除了在立法層面不斷構(gòu)建和完善工廠檢查法制外,國民政府在工廠檢查法制實(shí)施方面也極盡努力。一方面制定工廠檢查相關(guān)配套實(shí)施法規(guī),如《實(shí)業(yè)部工廠檢查委員會(huì)章程》、《中央工廠檢查處組織章程》、《工廠檢查員養(yǎng)成所規(guī)則》、《工廠檢查員訓(xùn)練辦法》等,另一方面積極選任、培訓(xùn)工廠檢查員,分赴各地進(jìn)行工廠檢查事務(wù)。當(dāng)然,由于立法內(nèi)容與實(shí)踐的嚴(yán)重脫節(jié)、戰(zhàn)亂不斷的國內(nèi)環(huán)境等原因的影響,國民政府工廠檢查法制的實(shí)施是乏力的、有限的。 長期以來,就如何評(píng)價(jià)民國時(shí)期的勞動(dòng)立法,可以說存在兩種極端的看法,一種過分強(qiáng)調(diào)了這些立法所體現(xiàn)的先進(jìn)的理念,而另一種看法則過分強(qiáng)調(diào)了并未能夠真正貫徹實(shí)施的現(xiàn)實(shí)。筆者在對(duì)有關(guān)民國工廠檢查法制的資料收集、整理以及分析的過程中,認(rèn)為應(yīng)該以一種客觀、公正的態(tài)度來認(rèn)識(shí)和評(píng)價(jià)其工廠檢查法制。不可否認(rèn),民國時(shí)期,在工廠檢查立法上所取得的成就是巨大的,其工廠檢查法制實(shí)施的努力以及取得的成效也是值得肯定的。以史為鑒,方知得失。國民政府在工廠檢查方面進(jìn)行了諸多立法建構(gòu)和實(shí)施嘗試,給我們留下了許多寶貴的經(jīng)驗(yàn)和教訓(xùn)。這對(duì)于我們今天所實(shí)施的勞動(dòng)監(jiān)察制度可謂意義重大,對(duì)于如何完善勞動(dòng)監(jiān)察立法,構(gòu)建完善的勞動(dòng)監(jiān)察制度,如何提高勞動(dòng)監(jiān)察執(zhí)法者的素質(zhì),如何深入、有效地實(shí)施和推行勞動(dòng)監(jiān)察,保障勞動(dòng)立法的實(shí)施、保障勞動(dòng)者合法權(quán)益等等都提供了有益的參考、借鑒和反思。也許這就是筆者研究民國工廠檢查法制最大的價(jià)值和意義所在。
[Abstract]:Since the late Qing Dynasty, China has encountered a change that has never happened in a thousand years. Especially during the Republic of China period, the war was incessant, the Chinese and the Western collided, and the society was in a period of great transformation. In the face of the complicated and unpredictable situation of modern international and domestic affairs. The National Government pioneered many political systems, social systems and legal systems in the history of China in order to deal with and solve various problems in the transitional society. The labor legal system is one of them. In the face of the growing labor force and the increasingly fierce labor struggle, the National Government has formulated a large number of labor legislation, such as the Factory Law, in order to ease the labor contradictions and develop production. The regulations for the implementation of the Factory Law, the Factory Inspection Law, the Trade Union Law, the Group Treaty Law, and so on, have preliminarily constructed the national government's labor law, which is an important part of the labor legislation. With the continuous promulgation and development of labor legislation, it is also gradually developed and perfected. During the period of the Republic of China, the National Government enacted and promulgated a large number of legislation concerning factory inspection, such as the Factory Inspection Law, the articles of Association of the Factory Inspection Committee of the Ministry of Industry, and the instructions for the Service of the Factory inspectors of the Ministry of Social Affairs. For the first time in the modern history of China, legislation on factory inspection has been enacted and promulgated. These legislations not only set up a relatively complete and perfect legal system of factory inspection at the legislative level. And the content of these factory inspection legislation mostly draw lessons from the relevant legislative achievements of advanced industrialized countries, advanced content, reached the advanced level of the world, and the content of the provisions also reflects the implementation of labor laws and regulations. The legislative concept of modern labor legislation to protect the health and safety of labor. In addition to building and perfecting the legal system of factory inspection in the legislative level. On the one hand, the National Government also made great efforts to implement the legal system of factory inspection. On the one hand, it formulated relevant implementing laws and regulations for factory inspection, such as the articles of Association of the Factory Inspection Committee of the Ministry of Industry and the organizational Charter of the Central Factory Inspection Office. "rules for factory inspectors", "training methods for factory inspectors", etc., on the other hand, actively selecting factory inspectors, training factory inspectors and distributing them to various places to carry out factory inspection work. Of course. Due to the serious disconnection between legislative content and practice, and the influence of the domestic environment, the implementation of the factory inspection legal system of the National Government is weak and limited. For a long time, on how to evaluate the labor legislation of the Republic of China, it can be said that there are two extreme views. The other view overemphasized the reality that it could not be carried out. In the process of collecting, sorting and analyzing the data about the factory inspection and legal system in the Republic of China, the author thought that it should be taken as an objective. It is undeniable that during the period of the Republic of China, the achievements made in the legislation of factory inspection were great. Its factory inspection legal system implementation efforts and achievements are also worthy of recognition. Take history as a mirror to know the gains and losses. The National Government has carried out a lot of legislative construction and implementation attempts in factory inspection. It has left us many valuable experiences and lessons, which is of great significance to the labor supervision system that we have implemented today. It is of great significance to how to perfect the labor supervision legislation and to build a perfect labor supervision system. How to improve the quality of labor inspection law enforcers, how to carry out and carry out labor supervision effectively, how to ensure the implementation of labor legislation, and how to protect the legitimate rights and interests of workers, etc. Perhaps this is the greatest value and significance of the study of the factory inspection system in the Republic of China.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：西南政法大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2011
【分類號(hào)】：D929;D922.5

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