發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-01-20 21:00

  本文關(guān)鍵詞： 南京臨時(shí)政府 人權(quán)立法 人權(quán)保障　出處：《山東大學(xué)》2011年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：本論文力求用中國(guó)的人權(quán)歷史詮釋中國(guó)的人權(quán)實(shí)踐。自從人權(quán)概念在近代傳入中國(guó)后,學(xué)者們就沒(méi)有停止過(guò)人權(quán)研究的腳步。人權(quán)思想和人權(quán)立法的研究是人權(quán)研究本應(yīng)相互契合的兩個(gè)方面。對(duì)于人權(quán)思想史的研究,無(wú)論在國(guó)內(nèi)還是國(guó)外均達(dá)到了相當(dāng)高的水平,,但對(duì)于人權(quán)制度史、立法史的研究則還是出于萌芽狀態(tài)。 人權(quán)保障制度的產(chǎn)生與發(fā)展,甚至其不足或失敗,都與其思想母源存在著深刻的聯(lián)系,探討二者的互動(dòng)關(guān)系,有助于我們理解和把握在特定歷史際遇下人權(quán)思想與人權(quán)制度是如何關(guān)聯(lián)的。本文首先論述了南京臨時(shí)政府時(shí)期人權(quán)思潮產(chǎn)生的歷史背景和主要內(nèi)容。在創(chuàng)立統(tǒng)一的資產(chǎn)階級(jí)民主共和國(guó)的過(guò)程中,革命政要孫中山以政治家的宏大膽略和寬闊視野,提出了以三民主義為理論基礎(chǔ)的人權(quán)思想,為新生的共和國(guó)勾勒出了宏偉的法律藍(lán)圖。內(nèi)憂外患的政治局勢(shì)促使民族主義思想成為實(shí)現(xiàn)人權(quán)的信號(hào),法學(xué)家群體紛紛提出了自己的人權(quán)理念,人權(quán)觀念蔚然成風(fēng)。隨著西方人權(quán)觀念的不斷傳播,以及清末法政教育的興起,為人權(quán)思潮的興起奠定了堅(jiān)實(shí)的社會(huì)基礎(chǔ)。沒(méi)有脫離思想的制度,也沒(méi)有毫無(wú)制度寓意的思想,故此本文分別從生存權(quán)、平等權(quán)、自由權(quán)、受教育權(quán)等方面針對(duì)當(dāng)時(shí)人權(quán)思潮的主要內(nèi)容進(jìn)行了分析。 人權(quán)的每一寸進(jìn)步,人的權(quán)利的每一次擴(kuò)大,都是主體努力爭(zhēng)取的結(jié)果。本文以人權(quán)立法為主線,探究臨時(shí)政府時(shí)期制定的人權(quán)約法,首先分析了在當(dāng)時(shí)特定歷史環(huán)境下的立法原則,并與當(dāng)時(shí)人權(quán)思想相對(duì)應(yīng),分別從平等權(quán)、自由權(quán)、財(cái)產(chǎn)權(quán)、受教育權(quán)、特殊群體權(quán)利等方面搜集了大量歷史資料和文獻(xiàn),論述了該時(shí)期人權(quán)立法的主要內(nèi)容、人權(quán)實(shí)施的制度保障、產(chǎn)生的社會(huì)效果等。 最后,本文站在時(shí)代的角度,對(duì)南京臨時(shí)政府時(shí)期人權(quán)立法與人權(quán)保障進(jìn)行了理性的思考,分析了其留給后代的寶貴經(jīng)驗(yàn),并從內(nèi)因和外因角度總結(jié)了其失敗的原因,以期從歷史的角度重新認(rèn)識(shí)南京臨時(shí)政府時(shí)期的人權(quán)問(wèn)題,并為我國(guó)人權(quán)制度的發(fā)展提供經(jīng)驗(yàn)。
[Abstract]:This thesis tries to use the history of human rights in China to interpret the practice of human rights in China since the concept of human rights was introduced into China in modern times. Scholars have never stopped studying human rights. The study of human rights thought and human rights legislation are two aspects of human rights research which should be in agreement with each other, and the study on the history of human rights thought. Both at home and abroad have reached a very high level, but for the history of human rights system, the history of legislation is still from the embryonic state. The emergence and development of the human rights guarantee system, even its deficiency or failure, have a profound connection with its source of thought, and discuss the interactive relationship between the two. It is helpful for us to understand and grasp how the thought of human rights and the human rights system are related under the specific historical circumstances. This paper first discusses the historical background and main contents of the trend of thought on human rights in the period of Nanjing Provisional Government. The first is the process of bourgeois democratic republic. With the great courage and broad vision of the statesman, the revolutionary dignitaries Sun Zhongshan put forward the human rights thought based on the three people's principles. Drew a grand legal blueprint for the new republic. The internal and external political situation prompted nationalism to become the signal of the realization of human rights, jurists have put forward their own concept of human rights. With the spread of western human rights concepts and the rise of legal and political education in the late Qing Dynasty, it laid a solid social foundation for the rise of human rights thoughts and did not break away from the ideological system. Therefore, this paper analyzes the main contents of the current trend of human rights from the aspects of the right to existence, the right to equality, the right to freedom, the right to education and so on. Every inch of progress in human rights and every expansion of human rights are the result of the main body's efforts. This paper takes human rights legislation as the main line to explore the human rights law made during the interim government. First of all, it analyzes the legislative principles in the specific historical environment at that time, and corresponding to the thought of human rights at that time, respectively from the equal rights, the right to freedom, the right to property, the right to education. A large number of historical materials and documents have been collected on the rights of special groups, and the main contents of human rights legislation in this period, the system protection of human rights implementation and the social effects have been discussed. Finally, from the perspective of the times, this paper makes a rational thinking on the human rights legislation and human rights protection during the period of Nanjing Provisional Government, and analyzes its valuable experience left to future generations. It also summarizes the reasons of its failure from the angle of internal and external causes in order to re-understand the human rights problems in Nanjing interim government from the historical point of view and provide experience for the development of human rights system in China.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：山東大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2011
【分類號(hào)】：D929;D921

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本文編號(hào)：1449441