本文關(guān)鍵詞：論英國(guó)行政法的越權(quán)無(wú)效原則　出處：《湘潭大學(xué)》2012年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

  更多相關(guān)文章： 越權(quán)無(wú)效原則 司法審查 議會(huì)的隱含意圖 議會(huì)主權(quán)

【摘要】：越權(quán)無(wú)效原則是英國(guó)行政法的核心原則，也是普通法院對(duì)行政行為進(jìn)行司法審查的理論基礎(chǔ)。越權(quán)無(wú)效原則的思想源于自然法觀念和法律實(shí)證主義。自然法觀念確認(rèn)并保護(hù)人的自然權(quán)利，認(rèn)為政府只有保障人們的權(quán)利才能受到人們的服從。依法治國(guó)才能限制政府權(quán)力和保證人民主權(quán)，而組織政府最好的形式就是議會(huì)制。邊沁的功利主義原則實(shí)際上是一種政治和法律的倫理原則，很好的約束了政府的行為。奧斯丁的實(shí)證主義法學(xué)肯定了議會(huì)法律和法官的權(quán)威性，，為司法審查奠定了基礎(chǔ)。毫無(wú)疑問(wèn)自然法觀念和法律實(shí)證主義對(duì)越權(quán)原則的產(chǎn)生和發(fā)展有著重要影響。越權(quán)無(wú)效原則的憲法基礎(chǔ)則是議會(huì)主權(quán)原則和法治原則。議會(huì)主權(quán)原則要求政府服從議會(huì)的立法，法治原則要求政府守法，因此，政府的行為就不得超越法律的授權(quán)。越權(quán)無(wú)效原則的產(chǎn)生還有著深刻的社會(huì)原因，議會(huì)為了控制龐大的行政權(quán)，委任立法的增加，要求對(duì)行政權(quán)進(jìn)行有效的制約。此外，越權(quán)無(wú)效原則的內(nèi)容是由一個(gè)個(gè)判例逐漸發(fā)展起來(lái)的，其范圍也在不斷變化著。從狹義的超越法定機(jī)構(gòu)的管轄權(quán)，發(fā)展到能動(dòng)的尋求議會(huì)立法的隱含意圖，權(quán)限范圍不斷的擴(kuò)大使越權(quán)原則幾乎涵蓋了所有的行政違法形式。20世紀(jì)90年代以來(lái)，英國(guó)許多學(xué)者圍繞越權(quán)原則展開了激烈爭(zhēng)論。越權(quán)原則的批判者認(rèn)為越權(quán)原則具有不確定性、脫離現(xiàn)實(shí)、自相矛盾和偏離公法范圍等缺陷，而越權(quán)原則的捍衛(wèi)者則認(rèn)為越權(quán)原則能規(guī)避排除條款、維護(hù)議會(huì)主權(quán)并保持權(quán)力的平衡。而爭(zhēng)議的實(shí)質(zhì)是司法審查的合法性問(wèn)題以及議會(huì)和法院的關(guān)系問(wèn)題�；跉W盟法對(duì)英國(guó)國(guó)內(nèi)法的影響，議會(huì)主權(quán)原則受到了挑戰(zhàn)。《憲政改革法》的通過(guò)鞏固了議會(huì)和法院的權(quán)力分離，越權(quán)無(wú)效原則的適用受到了限制。但英國(guó)法院仍然在堅(jiān)持越權(quán)無(wú)效原則，認(rèn)為其必不可少。越權(quán)無(wú)效原則仍然在英國(guó)行政法理論和實(shí)務(wù)界維持著重要地位，也仍然是司法審查的重要依據(jù)。
[Abstract]:The principle of ultra vires invalidity is the core principle of British administrative law. It is also the theoretical basis of judicial review of administrative acts by ordinary courts. The thought of the principle of ultra vires invalidity originates from the concept of natural law and legal positivism. The concept of natural law affirms and protects the natural rights of human beings. It is believed that only by protecting people's rights can the government be subject to the obedience of people. Only by governing the country according to law can the government power be restricted and the sovereignty of the people be guaranteed. The best form of organizing government is the parliamentary system. Bentham's utilitarian principle is actually a political and legal ethical principle. Austen's positivist jurisprudence affirmed the authority of parliamentary law and judges. There is no doubt that the concept of natural law and legal positivism have an important influence on the emergence and development of the principle of ultra vires. The constitutional basis of the principle of ultra vires invalidity is the principle of parliamentary sovereignty and the principle of rule by law. The principle of parliamentary sovereignty requires the Government to comply with the legislation of Parliament. The principle of the rule of law requires the government to abide by the law, therefore, the government's behavior must not exceed the authorization of the law. There are profound social reasons for the emergence of the principle of ultra vires invalidity, the parliament in order to control the huge executive power. The increase of the appointed legislation requires effective restriction on the executive power. In addition, the content of the principle of ultra vires invalidity is gradually developed from one case to another. Its scope is also constantly changing. From the narrow sense beyond the jurisdiction of statutory bodies to the dynamic pursuit of the implied intention of parliamentary legislation. The extension of the scope of authority makes the principle of ultra vires almost cover all forms of administrative violations since 90s of the 20th century. Many British scholars have launched a heated debate about the principle of ultra vires which critics believe is uncertain divorced from reality contradicts themselves and deviates from the scope of public law and so on. Defenders of the principle of ultra vires believe that the principle of ultra vires can avoid exclusion clauses. The essence of the dispute is the legality of judicial review and the relationship between Parliament and the courts. Based on the influence of EU law on the domestic law of the United Kingdom. The adoption of the Constitutional Reform Act has consolidated the separation of powers between Parliament and the Court, and the application of the principle of ultra vires invalidity has been restricted. However, the British courts are still upholding the principle of ultra vires invalidity. The principle of ultra vires invalidity still maintains an important position in the theory and practice of British administrative law and is still an important basis for judicial review.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：湘潭大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類號(hào)】：D956.1;D912.1

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