本文關(guān)鍵詞：論日本明治維新時(shí)期的法律移植　出處：《遼寧師范大學(xué)》2011年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

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【摘要】：明治維新時(shí)期的日本,通過借助這一時(shí)期的法律移植,自身的法律制度得到了完善和發(fā)展,政治上也擺脫了淪為西方列強(qiáng)半殖民地的危機(jī),并且在經(jīng)濟(jì)上得到飛速發(fā)展,迅速成長(zhǎng)為當(dāng)時(shí)亞洲的經(jīng)濟(jì)和軍事強(qiáng)國(guó)。通過對(duì)這一時(shí)期日本法律移植的成功經(jīng)驗(yàn)進(jìn)行分析,從中得出對(duì)后發(fā)展國(guó)家的啟示。 首先通過對(duì)日本明治維新時(shí)期法律移植的歷史背景進(jìn)行分析,分別從政治、經(jīng)濟(jì)、社會(huì)思想三個(gè)領(lǐng)域的轉(zhuǎn)變對(duì)這一時(shí)期的日本法律移植產(chǎn)生的影響進(jìn)行事實(shí)闡述,用以論證法律移植不是單一的移植法律的過程,法律移植是與社會(huì)變遷緊密相連的。 其次,通過對(duì)日本明治維新時(shí)期法律移植的內(nèi)容進(jìn)行具體分析,利用闡述事實(shí)和對(duì)比分析的方法,對(duì)日本明治維新時(shí)期制定的明治憲法、民法典、商法典、刑法典、民事訴訟法與刑事訴訟法、法院組織法這幾大法典進(jìn)行逐一分析。通過對(duì)這一時(shí)期的各部門法典在制定和應(yīng)用中產(chǎn)生的矛盾沖突進(jìn)行對(duì)比分析,使讀者清晰的認(rèn)識(shí)到,明治維新時(shí)期的法律移植是一個(gè)從早期的“全盤西化”,逐漸轉(zhuǎn)向本土法與外來法相融合的過程。從中也可以分析出,法律移植不等于全盤照搬別國(guó)法律,法律移植的過程中要充分考慮本國(guó)的傳統(tǒng)法律習(xí)慣和人民的接受度,尊重本國(guó)傳統(tǒng)的法律文化。 再次,通過從日本這一時(shí)期的法律移植對(duì)當(dāng)時(shí)的社會(huì)狀況產(chǎn)生的影響著手分析,得出這一時(shí)期的法律移植是一次成功的法律移植。通過這一時(shí)期的法律移植,日本的法律制度得到了發(fā)展和完善,法制步入近代化,經(jīng)濟(jì)迅速發(fā)展,初步實(shí)現(xiàn)了明治維新改革之初提出的“富國(guó)強(qiáng)兵”的目標(biāo)。 另外,日本這一時(shí)期法律移植取得成功的主要原因,可以總結(jié)為選擇了正確的法律移植對(duì)象,合理的處理了外來法與本土法的沖突問題,擁有開明的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)法律移植的主體,選擇了正確的法律移植本土化策略這幾個(gè)方面。 最后,通過對(duì)上述日本明治維新時(shí)期法律移植的分析論述,總結(jié)得出對(duì)后發(fā)展國(guó)家進(jìn)行法律移植的啟示。一方面從這一時(shí)期影響日本法律移植的動(dòng)因著手分析,認(rèn)為既要考慮這一時(shí)期政治因素與經(jīng)濟(jì)因素對(duì)法律移植所起的作用,也要考慮來自西方的沖擊,這種沖擊不僅指的是對(duì)日本國(guó)土的侵略行為,也包括文化特別是法律文化的沖擊。通過對(duì)上述動(dòng)因的分析,目的是使讀者認(rèn)識(shí)到,法律移植的過程是內(nèi)因與外因交織而成的過程,是一系列因素相互影響的結(jié)果。另一方面,日本明治維新時(shí)期的法律移植,是一個(gè)傳統(tǒng)法律文化與西方法律文化的矛盾沖突的過程,也是傳統(tǒng)法律文化在面對(duì)外來法律文化如何迎接挑戰(zhàn),從而實(shí)現(xiàn)創(chuàng)造性轉(zhuǎn)換的過程。所以法律移植過程中如何處理外來法與傳統(tǒng)法的關(guān)系,是后發(fā)展國(guó)家進(jìn)行法律移植過程中需要注意的問題。第三方面的啟示是,如何把握法律移植過程中的自主性問題。法律移植應(yīng)該是一個(gè)自愿接受的過程,如果沒有自發(fā)尋求法律移植的決心,法律移植是無法成功進(jìn)行的。另外,也對(duì)法律移植過程中的本土化與國(guó)際化的關(guān)系進(jìn)行了分析,認(rèn)為法律移植必須要在本土資源和國(guó)際化相關(guān)聯(lián)的基礎(chǔ)上進(jìn)行。 因此,后發(fā)展國(guó)家在進(jìn)行法律移植時(shí)應(yīng)該順應(yīng)時(shí)代的發(fā)展,結(jié)合本國(guó)的國(guó)情,具體問題具體分析,辯證的看待外來法與本土法的沖突,在合理借鑒其他國(guó)家先進(jìn)法律經(jīng)驗(yàn)的前提下,不拋棄本國(guó)自有的法律習(xí)慣,將外來資源與本土資源相融合,以便更好的進(jìn)行法律移植。
[Abstract]:Through the legal transplantation of the period , the legal system of Japan has been improved and developed with the help of the law transplantation in this period . The political power has also been developed rapidly and has grown rapidly into the economic and military powers in Asia . Through the analysis of the successful experience of the Japanese law transplant in this period , the enlightenment of the latter developing country is drawn from it . Firstly , through the analysis of the historical background of the legal transplantation in the new period of Meiji Restoration in Japan , the influences of the transformation from the three fields of political , economic and social thought on the Japanese law transplantation in this period are expounded , and it is proved that the legal transplantation is not the process of single transplantation law , and the legal transplantation is closely related to the social change . Secondly , through the analysis of the contents of the legal transplantation in the new period of Meiji , the author makes a comparative analysis on the conflicts between the Meiji Constitution , the Civil Code , the Commercial Code , the Criminal Code , the Civil Procedure Law and the Criminal Procedure Law and the Organic Law of the Meiji Period . Thirdly , through the analysis of the influence of the legal transplantation from Japan in this period on the social situation at the time , it is concluded that the legal transplantation in this period is a successful legal transplant . Through the legal transplantation in this period , the legal system of Japan has been developed and perfected , the legal system has entered modernization and the economy develops rapidly , and the goal of the " rich soldier " proposed in the beginning of the new reform is preliminarily realized . In addition , the main reasons for the success of the legal transplant in Japan can be summarized as choosing the right legal transplant target , reasonably dealing with the conflict between the foreign law and the local law , having the main subject of the enlightened leadership law transplant , and choosing the right law transplant localization strategy . On the other hand , how to deal with the relationship between the foreign law and the traditional law in the process of legal transplantation is the process of the conflict between the traditional legal culture and the western legal culture . Therefore , the post - development country should take the development of the times when carrying out the law transplant , combine with the national conditions of the country , concretely analyze the specific problems , dialectical treat the conflict between the foreign law and the local law , and do not abandon its own legal habits under the premise of reasonable reference to the advanced legal experience of other countries , and merge the external resources with the local resources in order to better carry out the legal transplantation .

【學(xué)位授予單位】：遼寧師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2011
【分類號(hào)】：D931.3

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