本文關(guān)鍵詞：論當(dāng)代中國社會弱勢群體的非制度化利益表達(dá)　出處：《吉林大學(xué)》2011年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

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【摘要】：近年來,維權(quán)案件激增,公民維權(quán)意識覺醒。以農(nóng)民工和因強(qiáng)拆而失去房屋的居民為代表的弱勢群體維權(quán)案件接連發(fā)生,從“開胸驗肺”、“跳樓討薪”,到對抗“暴力強(qiáng)拆”,直至沖擊黨政機(jī)關(guān),這一系列群體性極端事件,引發(fā)了媒體和社會的極大關(guān)注。弱勢群體的非制度化利益表達(dá),作為近幾年來較為突出的社會問題而存在,已經(jīng)對國家利益表達(dá)機(jī)制的建設(shè)構(gòu)成了一定沖擊。弱勢群體由于自身所受社會地位、經(jīng)濟(jì)條件、知識水平等多方面因素的局限,難于在現(xiàn)行利益表達(dá)機(jī)制之內(nèi),充分地實(shí)現(xiàn)其所要表達(dá)的利益訴求。在這種情況下,社會弱勢群體很容易非理性地選擇非制度化的利益表達(dá)方式,從而尋求有關(guān)部門的關(guān)注。甚至在某些情形下,弱勢群體由于對現(xiàn)行利益表達(dá)機(jī)制喪失信心,出于絕望而采取極端行為,進(jìn)而對社會、對自身造成無法挽回的傷害。 弱勢群體非制度化利益表達(dá),是利益表達(dá)的方式之一,其實(shí)不過是一種處于現(xiàn)行利益表達(dá)機(jī)制之外的形態(tài)。伴隨著社會矛盾的進(jìn)一步深化,這種利益表達(dá)在當(dāng)前中國社會加速轉(zhuǎn)型的過程中呈現(xiàn)高發(fā)態(tài)勢。它表現(xiàn)為不斷增多的群體性事件和弱勢群體的非正常方式上訪,以及抗議強(qiáng)制拆遷、抗議征地、抗議環(huán)境污染、抗議企業(yè)重組等等各種公共事件。這些案件的一個共同特點(diǎn)：公民特別是弱勢群體在表達(dá)利益訴求的過程中,原有采取訴訟、信訪等“制度內(nèi)”解決問題的方式,逐漸被暴力、對抗等“制度外”的途徑所取代。這種非制度化的利益表達(dá),具有表達(dá)主體弱勢性、表達(dá)方式非理性化以及表達(dá)內(nèi)容多樣化的特點(diǎn)。弱勢群體非制度化利益表達(dá),之所以在當(dāng)代中國存在并成為社會問題有著多種原因。它包括社會結(jié)構(gòu)多元化、利益表達(dá)機(jī)制不完善、弱勢群體自身困境,以及社會主義市場經(jīng)濟(jì)和改革開放對社會的深刻影響所必然帶來的相關(guān)問題。同時加上我國政治體制發(fā)展水平和長久以來中國人的傳統(tǒng)觀念等因素,最終導(dǎo)致了這個問題的產(chǎn)生。 弱勢群體的非制度化利益表達(dá),由于容易對社會、對弱勢群體自身造成傷害,因而是一個必須面對的嚴(yán)峻問題。這種非制度化利益表達(dá)時刻挑戰(zhàn)中國社會的和諧與穩(wěn)定,亟須認(rèn)真加以解決。筆者認(rèn)為,實(shí)現(xiàn)利益表達(dá)“制度化”是我們解決弱勢群體非制度化利益表達(dá)問題的主要出路。具體而言：強(qiáng)化公權(quán)力機(jī)關(guān)處理公民利益訴求和解決相關(guān)問題的責(zé)任,進(jìn)而完善利益表達(dá)機(jī)制；促成弱勢群體利益表達(dá)形成集團(tuán)化方式,進(jìn)而推動社會治理方式的轉(zhuǎn)變；提高國民素質(zhì),倡導(dǎo)理性表達(dá)；以及深化經(jīng)濟(jì)體制改革、推進(jìn)政治體制改革,進(jìn)而在深層次化解利益沖突。以上四個方面是其重點(diǎn)所在。因此,筆者希望通過自己的努力,將當(dāng)代中國社會弱勢群體非制度化的利益表達(dá)這一問題做一些探討,以期能夠為當(dāng)代中國的法治進(jìn)步盡一份綿薄之力。
[Abstract]:In recent years, the rights protection cases surge, the awareness of civil rights awareness awakened. Migrant workers and residents who lost their houses because of forced demolition as representatives of the vulnerable groups of rights protection cases occurred one after another, from "chest examination lung", "jump from the building to ask for pay." To confront the "violent demolition", until the impact of the party and government organs, this series of group extreme events, caused great concern of the media and society, and vulnerable groups of non-institutionalized interest expression. As a relatively prominent social problem in recent years, it has formed a certain impact on the construction of national interest expression mechanism. Vulnerable groups because of their own social status, economic conditions. The limitation of many factors, such as the level of knowledge, makes it difficult to fully realize the interest demand in the current interest expression mechanism. In this case. It is easy for the social vulnerable groups to choose the non-institutionalized interest expression mode irrationally, so as to seek the attention of the relevant departments. Even in some cases, the vulnerable groups lose confidence in the existing interest expression mechanism. Extreme acts out of despair, which can cause irreparable harm to society. Non-institutionalized interest expression of vulnerable groups is one of the ways of interest expression, in fact, it is only a form outside the current mechanism of interest expression, and with the further deepening of social contradictions. The expression of this interest in the current accelerated transformation of China's society presents a high trend. It is reflected in the increasing number of group incidents and the abnormal way of the vulnerable groups to petition, as well as protest against forced demolition, protest land requisition. Protest against environmental pollution, protest against the reorganization of enterprises and other public events. These cases have a common feature: citizens, especially vulnerable groups in the process of expressing interests, the original litigation. The ways of solving problems within the system, such as letters and visits, are gradually replaced by the ways of "outside the system", such as violence and confrontation. There are many reasons why the non-institutionalized interest expression of the vulnerable groups exists in contemporary China and becomes a social problem. It includes the diversity of social structure. The mechanism of interest expression is not perfect, and the vulnerable groups are in their own predicament. And the socialist market economy and the profound impact of reform and opening up on the society will inevitably bring related problems, and at the same time, the level of development of our political system and the traditional Chinese concept for a long time, and other factors. Finally, it led to the emergence of this problem. The non-institutionalized interest expression of the vulnerable group is easy to harm the society and the vulnerable group itself. Therefore, it is a serious problem that we must face. This kind of non-institutional interest expression always challenges the harmony and stability of Chinese society, and it needs to be solved seriously. The realization of "institutionalization" of interest expression is the main way out for us to solve the problem of non-institutionalized interest expression of vulnerable groups. Specifically, we should strengthen the responsibility of public power organs to deal with citizens' interest demands and solve related problems. Then perfect the mechanism of interest expression; To promote the expression of the interests of vulnerable groups to form a collectivization, and then to promote the transformation of social governance; Improve national quality and advocate rational expression; And deepen the economic system reform, promote the political system reform, and then resolve the conflict of interest in a deep level. The above four aspects are its focus. Therefore, I hope through their own efforts. This paper probes into the issue of the non-institutionalized interest expression of the vulnerable groups in contemporary Chinese society in order to contribute to the progress of the rule of law in contemporary China.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：吉林大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2011
【分類號】：D920.0

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本文編號：1428639