【摘要】：在認(rèn)知神經(jīng)語言學(xué)的視域下研究醫(yī)學(xué)語言,是基于醫(yī)學(xué)語言展現(xiàn)醫(yī)學(xué)思維這一命題而提出的。在人們的主觀印象上中醫(yī)思維和西醫(yī)思維存在明顯的區(qū)別。但是怎樣把主觀的印象還原為客觀的可視存在?在認(rèn)知神經(jīng)科學(xué)領(lǐng)域,思維的大腦測試實驗已經(jīng)存在先例。故而回答中西醫(yī)思維的共性和個性的問題,可以通過比較中醫(yī)和西醫(yī)的語言理解時的大腦活動來實現(xiàn)。本研究主要從兩個方面來探討中西醫(yī)疾病術(shù)語之間的模糊性現(xiàn)象的共性和個性。研究一主要應(yīng)用調(diào)查問卷研究中醫(yī)人員評價中西醫(yī)疾病術(shù)語的熟悉程度、情緒效價、情緒喚醒、語義模糊程度四個方面的差異。其結(jié)果表明中醫(yī)人員對中西醫(yī)疾病術(shù)語存在熟悉程度、情緒效價、情緒喚醒以及語義模糊程度的顯著差異。其中,模糊程度和熟悉程度、情緒喚醒成正相關(guān),與情緒效價成負(fù)相關(guān)。中醫(yī)疾病術(shù)語的模糊性程度與熟悉程度正相關(guān),而西醫(yī)疾病術(shù)語模糊性與熟悉程度和情緒效價成正相關(guān)。這一研究結(jié)果表明,中西醫(yī)疾病術(shù)語的模糊性認(rèn)知存在除了程度以外的模糊性差異。研究二通過事件相關(guān)電位(ERP)實驗研究中西醫(yī)疾病術(shù)語模糊性的認(rèn)知神經(jīng)機(jī)制。實驗一通過比較中西醫(yī)疾病術(shù)語認(rèn)知加工時的事件相關(guān)電位(ERP),發(fā)現(xiàn)模糊程度一致的中西疾病術(shù)語在大腦認(rèn)知加工機(jī)制上存在顯著差異。大腦左右半球?qū)χ形麽t(yī)疾病術(shù)語的語義加工可能不僅存在分工而且存在分工差異。中醫(yī)疾病術(shù)語的加工表現(xiàn)的右側(cè)大腦優(yōu)勢,而西醫(yī)疾病術(shù)語的認(rèn)知加工表現(xiàn)左側(cè)半球優(yōu)勢。實驗二在日常短語的易化語義條件下,比較模糊程度一致的中西醫(yī)疾病術(shù)語認(rèn)知加工過程,其結(jié)果表明中西醫(yī)疾病術(shù)語的N400波幅比實驗一更小,而P600波幅比實驗一更大。這表明日常短語能夠易化中西醫(yī)疾病術(shù)語語義整合階段,但使后期精細(xì)加工投入更多的精力。中西醫(yī)疾病術(shù)語的認(rèn)知加工差異的可能機(jī)制是其一,在早期詞匯提取階段左右半球的分工不同;其二在后期精細(xì)加工中,大腦執(zhí)行認(rèn)知抑制功能不同。更為精確的西醫(yī)術(shù)語在后期認(rèn)知抑制精力投入更大。中西醫(yī)疾病術(shù)語的模糊性存在著加工機(jī)制的差異,這種差異可能是由中西醫(yī)概念特征的差異決定。研究一、二的結(jié)果都表明中西醫(yī)疾病術(shù)語具有不同的認(rèn)知特征。中西醫(yī)語言在運用時不能夠單方面的進(jìn)行嫁接。因此,在中醫(yī)現(xiàn)代化以及中西醫(yī)結(jié)合研究等促進(jìn)中醫(yī)發(fā)展的研究道路中,必須要重視中醫(yī)語言與西醫(yī)語言的研究。
[Abstract]:The study of medical language from the perspective of cognitive neurolinguistics is based on the proposition that medical language displays medical thinking. There are obvious differences between traditional Chinese medicine thinking and western medicine thinking in people's subjective impression. But how to restore the subjective impression to the objective visual existence? In the field of cognitive neuroscience, there are precedents for brain testing of thinking. Therefore, to answer the questions of generality and individuality of traditional Chinese medicine and western medicine thinking can be realized by comparing the brain activities of traditional Chinese medicine and western medicine in language understanding. This study mainly discusses the commonness and individuality of vagueness phenomenon between Chinese and western medicine disease terms from two aspects. In the first study, a questionnaire was used to evaluate the differences in the level of familiarity, emotional potency, emotional arousal and semantic ambiguity of TCM and western medicine disease terms. The results showed that there were significant differences in the level of familiarity, emotional potency, emotional arousal and semantic ambiguity between Chinese and western medicine personnel in terms of disease of traditional Chinese medicine and western medicine. Among them, the degree of ambiguity and familiarity, emotional awakening was positively correlated, and negative correlation with emotional potency. The vagueness of TCM disease terms is positively correlated with familiarity, while the vagueness of disease terms in western medicine is positively correlated with familiarity and emotional titers. The results of this study indicate that there is a difference in fuzzy cognition of Chinese and western medicine disease terms in addition to the degree of vagueness. In the second study, we studied the cognitive neural mechanism of vagueness of Chinese and western medicine disease terms by event-related potential (ERP) experiment. In experiment one, by comparing the event-related potential (ERP),) of cognitive processing of Chinese and western medicine disease terms, it was found that there was a significant difference in the cognitive processing mechanism of brain between the Chinese and western disease terms with the same degree of ambiguity. The semantic processing of TCM and WM terms in the left and right hemispheres of the brain may exist not only division of labor but also division of labor. The processing of TCM disease term is superior to that of the right brain, while the cognitive processing of western medicine disease term shows the left hemispheric advantage. The second experiment showed that the N400 amplitude of Chinese and western medicine disease terms was smaller than that of experiment one, while the amplitude of P600 wave was larger than that of experiment one, under the condition of facilitating semantic meaning of everyday phrases, the cognitive processing process of Chinese and western medicine disease terms was compared with that of traditional Chinese medicine and western medicine disease terms with the same degree of ambiguity. This indicates that everyday phrases can facilitate the semantic integration stage of Chinese and western medicine disease terms, but make the later refined processing more effort. The possible mechanism of cognitive processing difference between Chinese and western medicine disease terms is that the division of labor in the left and right hemispheres is different in the early stage of vocabulary extraction, and in the later stage of fine processing, the brain performs different cognitive inhibition functions. More precise terms of western medicine invest more in cognitive inhibition later in life. The vagueness of Chinese and western medicine disease terms has the difference of processing mechanism, which may be determined by the difference of concept characteristics of traditional Chinese medicine and western medicine. The results of the first and second studies show that the terms of TCM and WM have different cognitive characteristics. In the use of traditional Chinese and western medicine language can not be unilateral grafting. Therefore, in the way of promoting the development of traditional Chinese medicine, such as the modernization of traditional Chinese medicine and the study of integration of traditional Chinese and western medicine, we must pay attention to the study of Chinese medicine language and western medicine language.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：北京中醫(yī)藥大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：R2-04

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