本文關(guān)鍵詞： 脈搏波 AR模型譜估計(jì) 三階微分 紅外熱圖 氣血理論　出處：《昆明理工大學(xué)》2016年碩士論文　論文類(lèi)型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：傳統(tǒng)中醫(yī)理論中,認(rèn)為氣血是生命的根本,人體最需要的就是氣和血,尤其對(duì)女性來(lái)說(shuō),氣血影響著身體的方方面面。脈搏信號(hào)可以很好地表征出人體的臟腑信息、血管信息乃至氣血信息等各種重要的生理病理信息,這些信息均反映在波形輪廓的變化之中,這即是中醫(yī)脈診的理論基礎(chǔ)。隨著科技的進(jìn)步,中醫(yī)脈診的客觀化、數(shù)字化越來(lái)越多地應(yīng)用在疾病診斷方面,人們往往通過(guò)提取脈搏波形的變化信息,將其與不同病理對(duì)應(yīng),從而輔助醫(yī)生進(jìn)行疾病診斷。面部黃褐斑是中醫(yī)氣血病理方面的一個(gè)典型病癥。醫(yī)學(xué)上,對(duì)黃褐斑的診斷有其相應(yīng)的標(biāo)準(zhǔn),包括表示面積大小及顏色深淺的分級(jí)和表示發(fā)生部位的分型這兩個(gè)方面。然而,診斷結(jié)果依賴(lài)于醫(yī)生的主觀判斷,缺乏客觀統(tǒng)一標(biāo)準(zhǔn),故此,本課題提出通過(guò)對(duì)拍攝到的人體面部紅外熱圖進(jìn)行分析,獲得面部溫度分布,進(jìn)而對(duì)病人面部黃褐斑的情況進(jìn)行輔助判斷。黃褐斑病人常常伴有月經(jīng)不調(diào)的癥狀,它們的病因病機(jī)存在著相關(guān)性。月經(jīng)不調(diào)的病癥對(duì)應(yīng)著不同的中醫(yī)證型。本課題從脈搏信號(hào)時(shí)域特征點(diǎn)的提取入手,對(duì)氣血病理典型病癥的證型與女性患者的生理病理特點(diǎn)進(jìn)行總結(jié)整理,探討脈搏信號(hào)特征參數(shù)與女性氣血病理相關(guān)病癥證型、病癥表現(xiàn)的對(duì)應(yīng)關(guān)系,從而輔助醫(yī)生對(duì)本文研究的女性疾病的具體病因作出正確的判斷。本課題的研究?jī)?nèi)容主要包括以下幾個(gè)方面：(1)脈搏波的產(chǎn)生機(jī)理以及脈搏信號(hào)特征與人體生理病理的關(guān)系。脈搏為人體血液循環(huán)系統(tǒng)形成,其波形受到各種身體狀態(tài)的影響,與人體的生理信息息息相關(guān),對(duì)于脈搏波特征與疾病對(duì)應(yīng)關(guān)系的研究對(duì)于臨床診斷及治療都具有很重要的意義。(2)脈搏信號(hào)的采集。本課題選用HK-2000C脈搏傳感器來(lái)采集人體的脈搏信號(hào),所有脈搏數(shù)據(jù)均在云南省中醫(yī)院婦科門(mén)診部實(shí)際采集而來(lái)。(3)脈搏信號(hào)的預(yù)處理。實(shí)際采集的脈搏信號(hào)包含著各種噪聲和無(wú)效成分。本課題提出了一種基于AR模型譜估計(jì)的方法來(lái)去除脈搏信號(hào)中的隨機(jī)噪聲,采用改進(jìn)的LIP算法對(duì)整個(gè)脈搏信號(hào)進(jìn)行周期劃分,采用三次樣條差值的方法去除基線(xiàn)漂移,采用非匹配延拓算法對(duì)信號(hào)中的無(wú)效成分從后往前依次進(jìn)行切除,并提取信號(hào)的平均波形,對(duì)信號(hào)在單周期內(nèi)進(jìn)行歸一化處理。(4)脈搏波特征信息的提取。本課題選擇提取脈搏信號(hào)的時(shí)域特征信息,具體為用特征值法來(lái)提取脈搏信號(hào)的六個(gè)時(shí)域特征點(diǎn)。在總結(jié)其他特征點(diǎn)提取算法的基礎(chǔ)上,分析了六個(gè)特征點(diǎn)在波形形態(tài)上的特殊意義之后,提出了一種改進(jìn)的微分算法,該算法針對(duì)微分法對(duì)噪聲的魯棒性差的缺點(diǎn),將AR模型去噪、小波單支重構(gòu)算法與一階微分、三階微分相結(jié)合,使得對(duì)于特征點(diǎn)的提取更準(zhǔn)確有效。(5)面部黃褐斑分布情況的判斷。本課題提出了兩種方法對(duì)某紅外熱像儀拍攝到的紅外熱圖進(jìn)行人體面部溫度分布的提取,將提取出的溫度數(shù)據(jù)按照原圖像陣列的順序保存在excel表格中,設(shè)計(jì)了一個(gè)界面,實(shí)現(xiàn)對(duì)某個(gè)溫度值或溫度范圍內(nèi)溫度數(shù)據(jù)位置的確定,幫助我們分析研究黃褐斑的分布情況。(6)分析脈搏信號(hào)特征信息與病理信息的對(duì)應(yīng)關(guān)系。首先根據(jù)患者的病例信息,對(duì)脈搏信號(hào)特征信息與黃褐斑、月經(jīng)不調(diào)這兩種氣血病理相關(guān)病癥的病理數(shù)據(jù)作統(tǒng)計(jì)歸類(lèi),分析總結(jié)脈搏信號(hào)特征、月經(jīng)不調(diào)的中醫(yī)證型以及黃褐斑分級(jí)分型情況的相關(guān)性。
[Abstract]:The traditional Chinese medicine theory, that blood is essential for life, the human body is most in need of Qi and blood, especially for women, and affects all aspects of the body. The pulse signal can well characterize the body organs, blood vessels and blood physiological and pathological information information information and other important information, these are reflect changes in the waveform profile, which is the theoretical basis of TCM. With the progress of science and technology, the objectification of pulse diagnosis digitization, more and more applications in disease diagnosis, the change information extraction pulse waveform, and the corresponding different pathology, to assist doctors to diagnose disease face. Chloasma is a typical disorder of Qi and blood in TCM Pathology. The medicine, with corresponding diagnostic criteria of chloasma, including grading size and color depth and table In place of the type of the two aspects. However, the diagnosis results depend on the subjective judgment of the doctor, the lack of objective standard, therefore, this paper based on the human face of infrared shot to get facial analysis, temperature distribution, and then the patients with facial chloasma chloasma patients for auxiliary judgment. Often accompanied by irregular menstruation symptoms, etiology and pathogenesis of their correlation exists. Menstruation disorders correspond to different TCM type. This topic from the feature point extraction in time domain pulse signal with the physiological and pathological characteristics and syndromes of female patients with typical symptoms of pathological blood were summarized and finishing of pulse the signal characteristic parameters associated with female blood pathological disorders syndrome, corresponding relationship between the symptoms of the disease, the specific cause of this research to assist doctors in women's diseases to make the right judgments. The main research contents of this dissertation include the following aspects: (1) the pulse wave generation mechanism and characteristics of pulse signals and the physiological and pathological relationship. The pulse for human blood circulation system is formed, the waveform is affected by all kinds of the state of the body, and is closely related to human physiological information, research for the corresponding wave characteristics and the relationship between pulse disease it has a very important significance for clinical diagnosis and treatment. (2) the pulse signal acquisition. The project uses HK-2000C pulse sensor to collect the pulse signal of human body, all the data are in the outpatient department of gynecological pulse of traditional Chinese medicine hospital of Yunnan province and the actual acquisition. (3) pretreatment pulse signal. The pulse signal actually collected contains all kinds of noise and invalid components. This paper presents a method of AR model based on spectrum estimation to remove the random noise of the pulse signal, using the improved LIP algorithm Cycle of the whole pulse signal, remove the baseline drift using three spline interpolation method, a non matching extension algorithm for resection of the invalid components in the signal from the back after the turn, and extract the average waveform signal, the signal was normalized in a single cycle. (4) the characteristics of pulse wave information extraction. The extraction time domain characteristic information of pulse signal, specifically to extract six time domain features of pulse signal with the characteristic value method. On the basis of other feature extraction algorithm, after analyzing the special significance of the six feature points in the wave form, and proposes an improved differential the proposed algorithm, the differential method for noise robustness is poor, the AR model of wavelet denoising, single branch reconstruction algorithm and first-order differential, three order differential combination makes the feature extraction more accurately and effectively. (5 Facial chloasma) distribution of judgment. This paper puts forward two methods of infrared thermography infrared imager captured by extracting the human face temperature distribution, the temperature data will be extracted is stored in the excel table in accordance with the array of original image sequence, designed an interface, realize the determination of a temperature the value of temperature or temperature range data location, help us analyze the distribution of chloasma. (6) to analyze the corresponding relationship between information and pathological information characteristics of pulse signals. According to the cases of information of the pulse signal feature information and chloasma, irregular menstruation of the two pathological conditions associated with pathological data of Qi and blood for statistical classification, analyze and summarize the characteristics of pulse signals, the correlation between TCM syndrome types of irregular menstruation and chloasma classified situation.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：昆明理工大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2016
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：R241

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