【摘要】：作者主要采用教學(xué)實(shí)驗(yàn)法,比較了兩種經(jīng)典的網(wǎng)球教學(xué)方式——指令型教學(xué)方式、啟發(fā)型教學(xué)方式在初中生網(wǎng)球初學(xué)者中的不同教學(xué)效果。作者從廣州開發(fā)區(qū)國(guó)際網(wǎng)球?qū)W校和科學(xué)城中學(xué)隨機(jī)抽取80名初中二年級(jí)學(xué)生,經(jīng)過篩選得到最終用于實(shí)驗(yàn)的40名初中生網(wǎng)球初學(xué)者,將其分成兩個(gè)教學(xué)組,兩組在性別、年齡、身高、體重、4X10米折返跑成績(jī)、俯臥撐成績(jī)、網(wǎng)球成績(jī)上均無顯著差異。實(shí)驗(yàn)分別對(duì)兩組進(jìn)行指令型教學(xué)和啟發(fā)型教學(xué),并從網(wǎng)球教學(xué)成績(jī)、網(wǎng)球興趣培養(yǎng)和樂群性培養(yǎng)三個(gè)方面考察了兩種教學(xué)方式的不同教學(xué)效果,結(jié)果如下:(1)啟發(fā)型和指令型兩種教學(xué)方式,學(xué)生網(wǎng)球技能的都得到了提高。(2)對(duì)于正手擊球技能的學(xué)習(xí),指令型教學(xué)方式在前期表現(xiàn)出了更高的效率,而啟發(fā)型的優(yōu)勢(shì)則到后期逐漸體現(xiàn)出來�？傮w來說這一模式?jīng)]有出現(xiàn)性別傾向。(3)對(duì)于反手擊球的學(xué)習(xí),指令型在前期與啟發(fā)型具有相似的教學(xué)效果,而啟發(fā)型的優(yōu)勢(shì)則到后期逐漸體現(xiàn)出來,最后超過指令型。女初中生中出現(xiàn)的模式與總體中發(fā)現(xiàn)的模式相同,但是對(duì)于男生而言這一模式則發(fā)生細(xì)微改變,前期指令性教學(xué)方式的效果要好于啟發(fā)型。(4)對(duì)于上手發(fā)球的學(xué)習(xí),在前期指令型和啟發(fā)型教學(xué)效果差不多,而啟發(fā)型的優(yōu)勢(shì)則到后期逐漸體現(xiàn)出來,最后超過指令型。總體中發(fā)現(xiàn)的這一模式在男、女初中生中同樣存在。(5)在興趣培養(yǎng)上,啟發(fā)式教學(xué)方式要顯著好于指令式,尤其在提高探索性、愉悅感、總體興趣、新穎性維度上優(yōu)勢(shì)明顯。在總體中發(fā)現(xiàn)的這種優(yōu)勢(shì)在女初中生中同樣存在,在男初中生中則稍有減弱。(6)在樂群性上,不論是總體,還是男初中生或者女初中生群體中,啟發(fā)式教學(xué)方式小組的得分都顯著高于指令式教學(xué)方式小組。同時(shí),在樂群性培養(yǎng)上,相比較男生而言,女生對(duì)這兩種教學(xué)方式適應(yīng)上產(chǎn)生的差異更大,即更容易在指令型教學(xué)方式下體驗(yàn)到更差的人際關(guān)系,也容易在啟發(fā)型教學(xué)方式下體驗(yàn)到更好的人際關(guān)系。
[Abstract]:The author mainly adopts the teaching experiment method to compare the different teaching effects of two classical tennis teaching methods, the instruction teaching method and the heuristic teaching method in junior high school tennis beginners. The author randomly selected 80 junior middle school sophomores from Guangzhou Development Zone International Tennis School and Science City Middle School, and selected 40 junior high school students who were finally used in the experiment, and divided them into two teaching groups, two groups in gender and age. There were no significant differences in height, weight, 4X10 meter return race, push-ups and tennis scores. The experiment carries on instruction teaching and heuristic teaching to the two groups, and investigates the different teaching effects of the two teaching methods from three aspects: tennis teaching achievement, tennis interest cultivation and music group training. The results are as follows: (1) both heuristic and instructive teaching methods have improved the students' tennis skills. (2) for the forehand batting skills, the instruction teaching method has shown a higher efficiency in the early stage. The advantage of heuristic is gradually reflected in the later stage. Generally speaking, there is no gender tendency in this model. (3) for backhand batting learning, instruction type has similar teaching effect to heuristic type in the early stage, but the advantage of heuristic type gradually manifests in the later stage, and finally surpasses the command type. The pattern appeared in female junior high school students was the same as the pattern found in the whole, but for boys, the pattern changed slightly, and the effect of early instruction teaching was better than that of heuristic teaching. (4) for the learning of the first hand serve, the effect of instruction teaching was better than that of heuristic teaching. The effect of instruction and heuristic teaching is similar in the early stage, but the advantage of heuristic teaching is gradually reflected in the later stage, and finally surpasses the command type. In general, this pattern is also found in male and female junior high school students. (5) in interest cultivation, heuristic teaching is better than instruction, especially in improving exploratory, pleasant and overall interest. The advantage of novelty dimension is obvious. The advantages found in the whole are also found in the female junior high school students, but slightly weakened in the male junior high school students. (6) in the music group, whether in general, male junior high school students or female junior high school students, The score of heuristic teaching group was significantly higher than that of instruction teaching group. At the same time, in the cultivation of group music, compared with boys, girls have greater differences in adaptation to these two teaching methods, that is, they are more likely to experience worse interpersonal relationships in the instruction teaching mode. It is also easy to experience better interpersonal relationships in heuristic teaching.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：北京體育大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：G633.96

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