【摘要】：小班是近幾年教育改革的一個熱詞,其旨在解決班級發(fā)展過程中班額過大的問題。本文認為,縮小班額是體現(xiàn)新課改理念的一項舉措,小班的課堂教學(xué)方式能夠更加促進學(xué)生個性的發(fā)展和能力的培養(yǎng)。物理學(xué)科是一門揭示事物的基本結(jié)構(gòu)、事物間的相互作用和基本規(guī)律的基礎(chǔ)學(xué)科,學(xué)生在學(xué)習(xí)物理時,應(yīng)當以熱情、充滿興趣的狀態(tài)去面對生活中的物理現(xiàn)象和物理問題,能用理性的思維去認識問題、分析問題、進而用條理清晰的語言表達出來,能夠在實驗中探索發(fā)現(xiàn)真知,能夠與老師、同學(xué)之間進行有效地交流討論。那么,在小班的情境中采取合作學(xué)習(xí)的方式是物理學(xué)科最佳的教學(xué)方式。通過梳理班級組織形式的發(fā)展歷程,筆者認為小班化教學(xué)是在全球范圍內(nèi)的一種教育改革潮流。美國是最早進行小班化教學(xué)研究的國家,美國進行的小班化教學(xué)研究得到了普遍認同的三個結(jié)論:第一,小班化教學(xué)可以促進學(xué)生成績的提高。第二,小班化教學(xué)使學(xué)生的課堂學(xué)習(xí)行為增加,在一定程度上降低了學(xué)生的反社會行為。第三,小班化教學(xué)在教學(xué)效果、教學(xué)方法、教學(xué)行為等方面有積極的作用,對教師自我理想的實現(xiàn)和專業(yè)自我的發(fā)展有積極的幫助。我國對小班化教學(xué)的研究較晚,主要是在小班化教學(xué)的意義、理論基礎(chǔ)和實踐策略等方面進行了研究。我國小班化教學(xué)的研究雖然取得了一定的成績,但是還存在著本土理論研究缺乏、理論概括不足、結(jié)合具體情境的行動研究較少等問題。筆者對濟南第二十七中學(xué)進行了較為深入的研究。該學(xué)校符合小班化教學(xué)的條件,同時也在積極探索合作學(xué)習(xí)的教學(xué)改革之路,經(jīng)過十年的發(fā)展取得了不小的成就。筆者對該學(xué)校初二年級學(xué)生的合作學(xué)習(xí)的態(tài)度和合作學(xué)習(xí)技能進行了問卷調(diào)查,調(diào)查結(jié)果表明學(xué)生已經(jīng)具備了良好的合作學(xué)習(xí)的技能,對合作學(xué)習(xí)認同度高。在物理課堂中,該校教師注重運用合作學(xué)習(xí)的策略進行課堂教學(xué),同時注重對學(xué)生合作技能的培養(yǎng),經(jīng)過長期的教學(xué)活動,取得了良好的教學(xué)效果。合作學(xué)習(xí)在教學(xué)改革中憑借著自身的優(yōu)勢煥發(fā)著無窮的力量。小班化教學(xué)情境中的課堂教學(xué)采取合作學(xué)習(xí)的方式進行,這是符合時代發(fā)展要求的。
[Abstract]:Small class is a hot word in educational reform in recent years, which aims to solve the problem of excessive class size in the course of class development. This paper holds that the reduction of class size is a measure to reflect the new curriculum reform idea, and the teaching method of small class can promote the development of students' personality and ability. Physics is a basic subject that reveals the basic structure of things, the interaction between things and the basic laws. When students study physics, they should face the physical phenomena and physical problems in life with enthusiasm and full of interest. It can use rational thinking to understand problems, analyze problems, and then express them in a coherent language, can explore and discover true knowledge in experiments, and can communicate and discuss effectively with teachers and students. Therefore, the best way to teach physics is to adopt cooperative learning in small class. By combing the development of class organization, the author thinks that small class teaching is a trend of education reform in the world. The United States is the first country to conduct small class teaching research. The small class teaching research in the United States has got three generally agreed conclusions: first, small class teaching can promote the improvement of students' achievement. Second, small class teaching increases students' classroom learning behavior and reduces their anti-social behavior to some extent. Third, small class teaching plays a positive role in teaching effect, teaching method, teaching behavior and so on, which is helpful to the realization of teachers' self-ideal and the development of professional self. The research of small class teaching in our country is late, mainly in the meaning, theory foundation and practice strategy of small class teaching. Although some achievements have been made in the research of small-class teaching in our country, there are still some problems such as the lack of local theoretical research, the lack of theoretical generalization and the less research on action combined with specific situation. The author has carried on the comparatively thorough research to the Jinan No. 27 middle school. The school conforms to the condition of teaching in small classes and is actively exploring the way of teaching reform of cooperative learning. After ten years of development, it has made great achievements. The author investigated the students' cooperative learning attitude and cooperative learning skills in the second grade of the school. The results showed that the students already had good cooperative learning skills and had a high degree of recognition for cooperative learning. In the physics classroom, the teachers pay attention to the use of cooperative learning strategies for classroom teaching, and at the same time pay attention to the cultivation of students' cooperative skills. Through long-term teaching activities, good teaching results have been achieved. Cooperative learning coruscates infinite strength by virtue of its own advantages in teaching reform. The classroom teaching in the small class teaching situation adopts the cooperative learning method, which is in line with the development of the times.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：山東師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：G633.7

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