本文選題：中學(xué)數(shù)學(xué)建模 + 數(shù)學(xué)建模思想�。� 參考：《西華師范大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：21世紀(jì)是信息技術(shù)與大數(shù)據(jù)的時代,這些都與數(shù)學(xué)有著密切的聯(lián)系。為了順應(yīng)時代的發(fā)展,數(shù)學(xué)的應(yīng)用性被推到了我們面前,數(shù)學(xué)知識應(yīng)用到生活實際一直以來都是廣大從事數(shù)學(xué)相關(guān)人員研究的課題之一。數(shù)學(xué)建模充當(dāng)了數(shù)學(xué)知識與現(xiàn)實生活的橋梁,數(shù)學(xué)建模思想就有著舉足輕重的作用。數(shù)學(xué)建模是應(yīng)用數(shù)學(xué)知識的有效手段之一,掌握應(yīng)用數(shù)學(xué)知識是新時代對人才必然的要求。從小學(xué)數(shù)學(xué)就是學(xué)習(xí)必不可少的一門課程,但是從前面一些學(xué)者的研究情況來看很多學(xué)生對數(shù)學(xué)知識的應(yīng)用能力還是比較欠缺的。基于這些現(xiàn)實本文主要圍繞三個問題進行研究,問題1:高中生以及數(shù)學(xué)教師對數(shù)學(xué)建模的了解情況;問題2:有沒有更好的方式、方法讓學(xué)生能夠更好的接受、學(xué)習(xí)數(shù)學(xué)建模;問題3:數(shù)學(xué)教師如何才能更好地進行數(shù)學(xué)建模教學(xué)。筆者主要應(yīng)用文獻分析法、問卷調(diào)查和訪談分析相結(jié)合進行研究。了解數(shù)學(xué)建模思想融入數(shù)學(xué)教學(xué)在國內(nèi)外的發(fā)展情況及相關(guān)理論;通過調(diào)查發(fā)現(xiàn)很多高中生和數(shù)學(xué)教師對數(shù)學(xué)建模都是不了解的,并且覺得數(shù)學(xué)建模和他們有距離;并對影響高中開展數(shù)學(xué)建�；顒拥囊蛩貜膶W(xué)生、教師、家長、社會幾個方面進行分析,發(fā)現(xiàn)高考壓力和對數(shù)學(xué)建模不了解是主要因素。為了改變這種現(xiàn)狀,將數(shù)學(xué)建模思想融入高中數(shù)學(xué)教學(xué)是行之有效的方式;在融入的過程中注意學(xué)生實際學(xué)習(xí)特點,采取先局部,再整體的方式,循序漸進。高中數(shù)學(xué)知識被分為幾大板塊,相應(yīng)的數(shù)學(xué)建模也可以分為九種類型:集合模型、函數(shù)模型、向量模型、幾何模型、統(tǒng)計與概率模型、數(shù)列模型、不等式模型、導(dǎo)數(shù)模型、綜合模型。根據(jù)不同類型設(shè)計與教材知識緊密聯(lián)系的數(shù)學(xué)建模題目,學(xué)生與教師一起完成這些題目的同時,了解數(shù)學(xué)建模及數(shù)學(xué)建模思想,感受數(shù)學(xué)建模的步驟。根據(jù)課程標(biāo)準(zhǔn)中對數(shù)學(xué)建模的要求、學(xué)生的實際情況,結(jié)合一些研究者的研究成果,筆者提出:(1)將數(shù)學(xué)建模思想融入到高中數(shù)學(xué)教學(xué)中應(yīng)遵循的幾個原則:以學(xué)生為主體;關(guān)注數(shù)學(xué)能力的提升;滲透數(shù)學(xué)思想方法;關(guān)注學(xué)生全面發(fā)展;結(jié)合學(xué)生的實際情況。(2)將數(shù)學(xué)建模思想融入到高中數(shù)學(xué)教學(xué)的選題范圍:從課本中改編而來的數(shù)學(xué)建模題目;教師根據(jù)日常生活自己編寫的數(shù)學(xué)建模題目;學(xué)生根據(jù)自己生活提出的數(shù)學(xué)建模題目。(3)從三方面談數(shù)學(xué)建模思想融入到高中數(shù)學(xué)教學(xué)的實踐策略,學(xué)生方面:培養(yǎng)學(xué)生觀察身邊事物的習(xí)慣;培養(yǎng)學(xué)生團結(jié)協(xié)作能力;培養(yǎng)學(xué)生閱讀能力和語言表達能力;培養(yǎng)學(xué)生收集有效信息的能力;培養(yǎng)學(xué)生綜合應(yīng)用知識的能力。教師方面:結(jié)合學(xué)生實際創(chuàng)設(shè)好的問題情境,選擇適合高中生的數(shù)學(xué)建模題目;注重自我提升,樹立終身學(xué)習(xí)意識;建立良好的師生關(guān)系。其他方面:學(xué)校要給學(xué)生提供良好數(shù)學(xué)建模條件;家庭、社會方面要關(guān)注孩子的全面發(fā)展。(4)設(shè)計了兩個將數(shù)學(xué)建模思想融入到高中數(shù)學(xué)教學(xué)的教學(xué)案例:橢圓的定義及其標(biāo)準(zhǔn)方程;等比數(shù)列求和公式的推導(dǎo)。
[Abstract]:Twenty-first Century is the age of information technology and large data. These are closely related to mathematics. In order to conform to the development of the times, the application of mathematics has been pushed to us. The application of mathematical knowledge to the reality of life has always been one of the subjects engaged in the research of mathematics related personnel. Mathematical modeling has acted as a mathematical knowledge and present. The idea of mathematical modeling plays an important role in the bridge of real life. Mathematical modeling is one of the effective means of applying mathematics knowledge. Mastering applied mathematics knowledge is a necessary requirement for talents in the new era. From primary school mathematics, it is an indispensable course for learning, but a lot of students are viewed from the research situation of some previous scholars. The application ability of mathematical knowledge is still relatively short. Based on these realities, this paper mainly focuses on three problems, the problem 1: high school students and mathematics teachers to understand the mathematical modeling; question 2: has a better way to allow students to better accept, learn mathematical modeling; problem 3: mathematics teachers how to The author is able to better carry out the teaching of mathematical modeling. The author mainly applies the literature analysis method, the questionnaire survey and the interview analysis to study the development of mathematical modeling ideas into the development of mathematics teaching at home and abroad and related theories; through the investigation, many high school students and mathematics teachers are unaware of the mathematical modeling, and feel that the mathematical modeling is not understood. Mathematical modeling and their distance, and the analysis of factors affecting high school mathematical modeling activities from the students, teachers, parents and society, found that the pressure of the college entrance examination and the mathematical modeling are the main factors. In order to change this situation, it is an effective way to integrate mathematical modeling into high school mathematics teaching. In the process of entry, we should pay attention to the students' actual learning characteristics, take the local, and then the whole way, step by step. The high school mathematics knowledge is divided into several big plates, and the corresponding mathematical modeling can be divided into nine types: set model, function model, vector model, geometric model, statistics and probability model, series model, inequality model and derivative model, A comprehensive model. According to the mathematical modeling subject closely related to the knowledge of different types of design and the knowledge of the teaching materials, the students and the teachers complete these topics together, and understand the mathematical modeling and mathematical modeling ideas, and feel the steps of the mathematical modeling. According to the requirements of the mathematical modeling in the curriculum standards, the actual situation of the students, and the research of some researchers. The author puts forward that: (1) the principles of integrating mathematical modeling into high school mathematics teaching: taking students as the main body, paying attention to the promotion of mathematical ability; penetrating mathematical thinking methods; paying attention to the overall development of students; combining with the actual situation of the students. (2) integrating the mathematical modeling ideas into the topic selection range of high school mathematics teaching: The mathematical modeling topic adapted from the textbook; the mathematical modeling title of teachers according to their daily life; students' mathematical modeling topics based on their own life. (3) from three aspects of mathematical modeling ideas into the practical strategies of high school mathematics teaching, students: training students to observe the habits of things around the students; cultivate students Unity and cooperation ability; cultivate students' reading ability and language expression ability; cultivate students' ability to collect effective information; cultivate students' ability to apply knowledge in a comprehensive way. Teachers: combining students with practical problem situations, choosing mathematical modeling topics suitable for high school students, and paying attention to self promotion and setting up lifelong learning consciousness; Jian Liliang Good relationship between teachers and students. Other aspects: the school should provide students with good mathematical modeling conditions; family and social aspects should pay attention to the overall development of children. (4) two teaching cases are designed to integrate mathematical modeling ideas into high school mathematics teaching: the definition of ellipse and its standard formula; isometric sequence and formula derivation.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：西華師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：G633.6

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