論海德格爾“此在”與“共在”的關(guān)系
發(fā)布時(shí)間：2019-03-12 18:37
【摘要】：作為一個(gè)關(guān)注現(xiàn)實(shí)的哲學(xué)家,海德格爾的思想從來不是高高在上的空洞理論,他從最貼近生活的地方追尋哲學(xué)的意義,在他看來,人之為人不是孤立的存在,而是在世界中現(xiàn)實(shí)的、生動(dòng)的、瞬息萬變的與其他存在者交織在一起,他以詩意的語言描述了一幅靈動(dòng)的棲居圖。正是如此,海德格爾“此在”與“共在”之間的關(guān)聯(lián)問題才如此吸引我。無論是作為人的存在的“此在”,還是與他人的“共在”,都建立在海德格爾獨(dú)特的生存論基礎(chǔ)之上,可以說,生存論是海德格爾哲學(xué)的根。因此,應(yīng)該從對(duì)存在的追問開始來探討“此在”。海德格爾要追問存在的意義,首先要找到一個(gè)存在者的樣本來通達(dá)存在,這個(gè)樣本就是“此在”,即人的存在。他強(qiáng)調(diào),從“Dasein”來理解人,讓它具有了向來我屬性,因此,只有用現(xiàn)象學(xué)的方法從最接近人的日常平均生存狀態(tài)的地方才能展現(xiàn)“此在”的生存。日常生存狀態(tài)的“此在”總是和其他存在者交織在一起,具有“在世界之中”的結(jié)構(gòu),這一結(jié)構(gòu)即保持了“此在”與他人交往中的獨(dú)立性,又規(guī)定了“此在”的存在是與他人“共在”,正是“共在”才讓世界成為我們共同分享的世界。筆者認(rèn)為,建基于生存論上的“此在”與“共在”,并不是簡(jiǎn)單的個(gè)體與群體之間的關(guān)系,因?yàn)楹５赂駹柂?dú)特的時(shí)間視閾揭示出“此在”操心的曾在、當(dāng)前和將來三種樣態(tài),它們展現(xiàn)了“此在”作為“共在”而存在,或者說“此在”本質(zhì)上就是“共在”;但海德格爾的流俗時(shí)間與本真時(shí)間又決定了“此在”有本真與非本真兩種存在狀態(tài),只有從本真的時(shí)間,即將來領(lǐng)悟“此在”,才能達(dá)到本真的“共在”。因此,“此在”與“共在”是辯證統(tǒng)一的關(guān)系,“共在”中有“此在”,“此在”中有“共在”;“此在”以“共在”為基礎(chǔ),“共在”決定了“此在”的發(fā)展方向和趨勢(shì),是“此在”的形而上學(xué)。通過對(duì)“此在”與“共在”概念的分析及兩者關(guān)聯(lián)的研究,無非在于喚起對(duì)“共在”的重視,是它讓“此在”的存在成為可能,它對(duì)于我們到底該如何“共在”于世意義重大:要克服主客對(duì)立的思維,調(diào)整人與人及人與其他存在者之間的關(guān)系,讓彼此在自由中自行顯現(xiàn),在本真中實(shí)現(xiàn)人與人、人與社會(huì),人與自然的和諧。
[Abstract]:As a philosopher concerned with reality, Heidegger's thought was never a high-flying empty theory. He sought the meaning of philosophy from the place closest to life. In his view, human being is not an isolated existence. But in the world, real, vivid, fast-changing intertwined with other beings, he described in poetic language a picture of the spiritual habitation. That's why Heidegger's connection between "this" and "co-existence" attracts me so much. Whether as human being or co-existence with others, it is based on Heidegger's unique existentialism. It can be said that existentialism is the root of Heidegger's philosophy. Therefore, "this in" should be discussed from the question of existence. Heidegger wants to ask about the meaning of existence, first of all, we must find a sample of existence to access existence, this sample is "this in", that is, the existence of human beings. He stressed that understanding people from the "Dasein" gives them the attributes they have always had, so the existence of "this being" can only be demonstrated in a phenomenological way from the place closest to the daily average state of existence of the human being. The daily existence of "this in" is always intertwined with other beings, and has the structure of "in the world", which preserves the independence of "this" in dealing with others. It is also stipulated that the existence of "this being" is "co-existing" with others, it is "co-presence" that makes the world into a world we share together. The author believes that "this being" and "co-existence", based on the theory of existence, are not simple relationships between individuals and groups, because Heidegger's unique time horizon reveals that "this being" is concerned about the past, present and future three kinds of patterns. They show that "this being" exists as "co-existence", or that "this is in essence" is "co-presence"; However, Heidegger's vulgar time and true time have decided that there are two kinds of existence states: "this is true" and "non-real". Only by understanding "this being" from the true time, that is to say, the future, can we achieve the true "co-existence". Therefore, the relationship between "this being" and "co-existence" is dialectical and unified, there is "this in" co-existence ", and" co-presence "in" this in "; This is the metaphysics of "this being", which determines the development direction and trend of "this being" on the basis of "co-existing" and "co-existing", which determines the development direction and trend of "this in". Through the analysis of the concepts of "this being" and "co-existence" and the study of their relationship, it is nothing more than to arouse the importance of "co-existence", and it is it that makes the existence of "this being" possible. It is of great significance to how we should "co-exist" in the end: to overcome the antagonistic thinking of subject and object, to adjust the relationship between man and other beings, so that each other can manifest itself in freedom and realize man-to-person in truth. Harmony between man and society, between man and nature.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：華中師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：B516.54
本文編號(hào)：2439051
[Abstract]:As a philosopher concerned with reality, Heidegger's thought was never a high-flying empty theory. He sought the meaning of philosophy from the place closest to life. In his view, human being is not an isolated existence. But in the world, real, vivid, fast-changing intertwined with other beings, he described in poetic language a picture of the spiritual habitation. That's why Heidegger's connection between "this" and "co-existence" attracts me so much. Whether as human being or co-existence with others, it is based on Heidegger's unique existentialism. It can be said that existentialism is the root of Heidegger's philosophy. Therefore, "this in" should be discussed from the question of existence. Heidegger wants to ask about the meaning of existence, first of all, we must find a sample of existence to access existence, this sample is "this in", that is, the existence of human beings. He stressed that understanding people from the "Dasein" gives them the attributes they have always had, so the existence of "this being" can only be demonstrated in a phenomenological way from the place closest to the daily average state of existence of the human being. The daily existence of "this in" is always intertwined with other beings, and has the structure of "in the world", which preserves the independence of "this" in dealing with others. It is also stipulated that the existence of "this being" is "co-existing" with others, it is "co-presence" that makes the world into a world we share together. The author believes that "this being" and "co-existence", based on the theory of existence, are not simple relationships between individuals and groups, because Heidegger's unique time horizon reveals that "this being" is concerned about the past, present and future three kinds of patterns. They show that "this being" exists as "co-existence", or that "this is in essence" is "co-presence"; However, Heidegger's vulgar time and true time have decided that there are two kinds of existence states: "this is true" and "non-real". Only by understanding "this being" from the true time, that is to say, the future, can we achieve the true "co-existence". Therefore, the relationship between "this being" and "co-existence" is dialectical and unified, there is "this in" co-existence ", and" co-presence "in" this in "; This is the metaphysics of "this being", which determines the development direction and trend of "this being" on the basis of "co-existing" and "co-existing", which determines the development direction and trend of "this in". Through the analysis of the concepts of "this being" and "co-existence" and the study of their relationship, it is nothing more than to arouse the importance of "co-existence", and it is it that makes the existence of "this being" possible. It is of great significance to how we should "co-exist" in the end: to overcome the antagonistic thinking of subject and object, to adjust the relationship between man and other beings, so that each other can manifest itself in freedom and realize man-to-person in truth. Harmony between man and society, between man and nature.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：華中師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：B516.54
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