【摘要】：詹姆斯·奧康納（James O’ Connor）和約翰·貝拉米·福斯特（John BellamyFoster）都是當(dāng)代美國(guó)生態(tài)學(xué)馬克思主義的代表，他們的生態(tài)學(xué)馬克思主義思想是生態(tài)學(xué)馬克思主義的重要組成部分。近20年來(lái)，兩人分別以其具有開創(chuàng)性、較系統(tǒng)的生態(tài)馬克思主義理論吸引了一批學(xué)者，在他們周圍分別形成了學(xué)術(shù)共同體。奧康納學(xué)術(shù)共同體和福斯特學(xué)術(shù)共同體的生態(tài)馬克思主義都是具有原創(chuàng)性和系統(tǒng)性的理論思潮，然而，它們的研究范式卻存在著根本的不同。 在與馬克思的關(guān)系上，奧康納基本否定馬克思存在生態(tài)學(xué)思想，，主張把生態(tài)學(xué)注入到馬克思的理論根基處，建立了“自然、勞動(dòng)、文化”三位一體的新歷史唯物主義；而福斯特則認(rèn)為馬克思的世界觀是系統(tǒng)的生態(tài)學(xué)理論，用物質(zhì)變換概念解釋馬克思的生態(tài)學(xué)。在對(duì)資本主義的批判上，奧康納重釋生產(chǎn)條件的概念，提出資本主義的第二重矛盾理論，強(qiáng)調(diào)資本主義的生產(chǎn)條件與生態(tài)危機(jī)的聯(lián)系；而福斯特從人與自然間的物質(zhì)變換出發(fā)，認(rèn)為在資本主義條件下產(chǎn)生物質(zhì)變換的裂縫，從而導(dǎo)致生態(tài)危機(jī)。在生態(tài)危機(jī)的解決之道上，奧康納認(rèn)為生態(tài)社會(huì)主義的實(shí)現(xiàn)途徑是勞工運(yùn)動(dòng)與新社會(huì)運(yùn)動(dòng)的結(jié)合，強(qiáng)調(diào)的是新社會(huì)運(yùn)動(dòng)的作用；福斯特則主張通過政治上、文化上、戰(zhàn)略上的生態(tài)革命來(lái)解決生態(tài)危機(jī)，從而走向可持續(xù)發(fā)展和共產(chǎn)主義。 本文把生態(tài)危機(jī)這一獨(dú)特的現(xiàn)實(shí)問題作為理論的切入點(diǎn)，對(duì)馬克思、生態(tài)學(xué)馬克思主義，特別是奧康納和福斯特的相關(guān)經(jīng)典著作進(jìn)行了詳細(xì)閱讀。對(duì)《馬克思恩格斯著作選集》以及福斯特的《馬克思的生態(tài)學(xué)——唯物主義與自然》和奧康納的《自然的理由：生態(tài)學(xué)馬克思主義研究》做了重點(diǎn)研究，在此基礎(chǔ)上，通過對(duì)奧康納和福斯特生態(tài)學(xué)馬克思主義理論的比較分析，同中尋異，異中求同，從馬克思的經(jīng)典文本出發(fā)，對(duì)二者進(jìn)行系統(tǒng)的比較，不僅是對(duì)構(gòu)建馬克思主義理論新形態(tài)的探索，也可以為當(dāng)代生態(tài)學(xué)的研究和我國(guó)生態(tài)文明建設(shè)帶來(lái)許多有益的啟示，對(duì)解決當(dāng)今生態(tài)環(huán)境問題和構(gòu)建社會(huì)主義和諧社會(huì)具有積極意義。
[Abstract]:James O'Connor and John Bellamy Foster (John BellamyFoster) are the representatives of contemporary American ecological Marxism. Their ecological Marxist thought is an important part of ecological Marxism. In the past 20 years, the two have attracted a group of scholars for their pioneering, more systematic ecological Marxist theory, and formed academic communities around them. Ecological Marxism of O'Connor academic Community and Foster academic Community are original and systematic theoretical trends of thought. However, their research paradigms are fundamentally different. In relation to Marx, O'Connor basically negated Marx's thought of existence ecology, advocated infusing ecology into Marx's theoretical foundation, and established the new historical materialism of "nature, labor and culture". Forster, on the other hand, thinks that Marx's world outlook is a systematic ecological theory, explaining Marx's ecology with the concept of material transformation. On the criticism of capitalism, O'Connor re-explains the concept of production conditions, puts forward the second contradiction theory of capitalism, and emphasizes the connection between capitalist production conditions and ecological crisis. From the point of view of material transformation between man and nature, Forster thought that the cracks in material transformation under capitalist conditions would lead to ecological crisis. On the way to solve the ecological crisis, O'Connor thinks that the way to realize ecological socialism is the combination of labor movement and new social movement, and emphasizes the function of the new social movement. Forster advocates to solve the ecological crisis through the ecological revolution in politics, culture and strategy, so as to move towards sustainable development and communism. This paper takes ecological crisis as the starting point of the theory, and makes a detailed reading of Marx, ecological Marxism, especially O'Connor and Foster's classical works. On the basis of the study of selected works of Marx and Engels, Faust's "Marx's Ecology-materialism and Nature" and O'Connor 's "reason of Nature: ecological Marxism Research", Based on the comparative analysis of O'Connor 's and Foster's ecological Marxism theories, this paper makes a systematic comparison between them from the perspective of Marx's classical texts. It is not only the exploration of constructing the new form of Marxist theory, but also can bring many beneficial enlightenments to the study of contemporary ecology and the construction of ecological civilization in our country. It is of positive significance to solve the problems of ecological environment and to build a harmonious socialist society.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：武漢理工大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號(hào)】：B089.1

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