發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-06-15 12:52

  本文選題：儒家 + 孔子��； 參考：《曲阜師范大學(xué)》2014年碩士論文

【摘要】：在中國(guó)傳統(tǒng)文化中，，“勇”與“仁”、“知”并列為儒家“三達(dá)德”，是儒家思想體系的重要觀念之一，寄托了儒家的人格理想。作為一種高尚的道德品質(zhì)和精神境界，“勇”代表著堅(jiān)毅不拔、勇往直前、矢志不渝追求至善的精神力量。儒家創(chuàng)始人孔子雖然沒(méi)有對(duì)“勇”的內(nèi)涵做出明確的界定，但他提出的“知恥近乎勇”、“知恥而后勇”、“勇而無(wú)禮則亂”以及“見(jiàn)義不為，無(wú)勇也”等思想，使得“勇”成為與“仁”、“義”、“禮”、“知”等儒家核心思想緊密相聯(lián)的德性品質(zhì)，并以此作為實(shí)現(xiàn)“仁”這一人格理想的重要途徑。這樣先秦儒家學(xué)者就在追求道德完善的道路上建立起完整而縝密的人格學(xué)說(shuō)，并期望以“知、仁、勇”統(tǒng)一理想人格的完善來(lái)達(dá)到“君子”境界，實(shí)現(xiàn)社會(huì)的安定和諧。因而，儒家之勇并非單純的、普通意義上的剛毅堅(jiān)強(qiáng)和勇敢大膽，而是有著豐富的內(nèi)涵和倫理意蘊(yùn)。 目前學(xué)術(shù)界對(duì)儒家“仁”、“義”、“禮”、“知”等道德范疇給予了較多關(guān)注，相對(duì)而言，對(duì)“勇”的研究較為鮮見(jiàn)，且停留在對(duì)其總體闡述的層面上。即便是對(duì)“勇”作過(guò)研究的學(xué)者，也多是從倫理學(xué)或心理學(xué)的角度來(lái)界定，局限于對(duì)儒家之“勇”的精神內(nèi)涵進(jìn)行闡述。而對(duì)“勇”這一重要道德范疇都未進(jìn)行系統(tǒng)論述。故此，本文不揣淺陋，試對(duì)先秦儒家勇德思想作一粗淺論述，以芻蕘之見(jiàn)求教于學(xué)界同仁。 論文在廣泛收集資料和繼承前人研究成果的基礎(chǔ)上，從思想史的角度對(duì)先秦儒家勇德思想進(jìn)行較為系統(tǒng)的研究。全文共分六章：第一章，簡(jiǎn)要論述“勇”字的演變過(guò)程及其內(nèi)涵，并追溯勇德思想的淵源，探尋勇德不斷發(fā)展、完善的歷程。第二章，著重探討了孔子對(duì)勇德思想的建構(gòu)，初步形成了以“仁”為基礎(chǔ)，以“義”為指導(dǎo)，以“禮”為規(guī)范，以“知”為支撐的勇德思想。第三章，主要論述了孔門(mén)弟子的勇德觀，以顏回、子路、子夏為例，從三個(gè)不同角度對(duì)儒家勇德思想進(jìn)行了生動(dòng)的展示。第四、五章，分別探討戰(zhàn)國(guó)時(shí)期儒家學(xué)者孟子、荀子對(duì)孔子勇德思想的發(fā)展和完善。第六章，對(duì)勇德思想的價(jià)值作了簡(jiǎn)要評(píng)析。 總而言之，儒家之“勇”構(gòu)成了儒家思想最強(qiáng)大的內(nèi)在動(dòng)力，體現(xiàn)了一種以善的追求為內(nèi)容的精神趨向，對(duì)理想人格的塑造及中華民族精神的養(yǎng)成，產(chǎn)生了極其深遠(yuǎn)的影響。
[Abstract]:In Chinese traditional culture, "bravery", "benevolence" and "know" are considered as "three virtues" of Confucianism, which is one of the important concepts of Confucian thought system, and assigns the Confucian ideal of personality. As a kind of noble moral quality and spiritual realm, "Yong" represents the spiritual strength of perseverance, courage and unswerving pursuit of the best. Confucius, the founder of Confucianism, did not clearly define the connotation of "courage", but he put forward his ideas of "knowing shame is near courage", "knowing shame and then being brave", "being brave and rude is chaos" and "seeing righteousness and not doing what is right, without courage" and so on. It makes "Yong" become the moral character closely related to the core thoughts of "benevolence", "righteousness", "propriety", "knowledge" and so on, and it is regarded as an important way to realize the personality ideal of "benevolence". In this way, the Confucian scholars in the pre-Qin Dynasty set up a complete and meticulous theory of personality on the way of pursuing moral perfection, and hoped that the ideal personality of "knowing, benevolence and courage" would be unified to achieve the realm of "gentleman" and realize the stability and harmony of the society. Therefore, the courage of Confucianism is not simple, the common sense of fortitude and courage and boldness, but with rich connotations and ethical implications. At present, the academic circles pay more attention to the moral categories such as "benevolence", "righteousness", "propriety", "knowledge" and so on. Even scholars who have done research on "Yong" are mostly defined from the angle of ethics or psychology, and are limited to expounding the spiritual connotation of "Yong" of Confucianism. However, there is no systematic discussion on the important moral category of "Yong". Therefore, this paper tries to make a brief discussion on the thought of courage and virtue in pre-Qin Confucianists, and to seek advice from my colleagues in the academic circles in the view of Wikstroemia. Based on the extensive collection of data and the inheritance of previous research achievements, the thesis systematically studies the thought of valor and virtue of pre-Qin Confucianism from the perspective of the history of thought. The thesis is divided into six chapters: the first chapter briefly discusses the evolvement process and connotation of the word "Yong", and traces the origin of the thought of "Yong de", and explores the course of the constant development and perfection of the word "Yong". The second chapter focuses on the construction of Confucius' thought of courage and morality, which is based on "benevolence", guided by "righteousness", standardized by "propriety" and supported by "knowledge". In the third chapter, the author mainly discusses the brave and moral view of Confucius disciples. Taking Yan Hui, Zi Lu and Zi Xia as examples, the Confucian thought of Yong and morality is displayed vividly from three different angles. The fourth and fifth chapters discuss the development and perfection of Confucian scholars Mencius and Xunzi in warring States period. The sixth chapter makes a brief evaluation on the value of Yong-de thought. In a word, the "courage" of the Confucianists constitutes the most powerful internal motive force of the Confucian thought, which embodies a spiritual trend which takes the pursuit of goodness as the content and has a profound influence on the shaping of the ideal personality and the cultivation of the spirit of the Chinese nation.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：曲阜師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：B222

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本文編號(hào)：2022070