本文選題：公共領(lǐng)域 + 網(wǎng)絡(luò)公共領(lǐng)域　； 參考：《曲阜師范大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：哈貝馬斯經(jīng)過仔細(xì)地考察研究后,認(rèn)為人類歷史上,先后出現(xiàn)過古希臘時(shí)代的古典型公共領(lǐng)域、西歐封建時(shí)代的代表型公共領(lǐng)域和資本主義時(shí)代的資產(chǎn)階級(jí)公共領(lǐng)域等三種形態(tài)。當(dāng)資本主義發(fā)展進(jìn)入壟斷階段后,代表資產(chǎn)階級(jí)利益的政黨和利益集團(tuán)憑借其政治、經(jīng)濟(jì)實(shí)力,逐漸操控資產(chǎn)階級(jí)公共領(lǐng)域,導(dǎo)致資產(chǎn)階級(jí)公共領(lǐng)域逐漸走向自身的反面,政治變成少數(shù)人暗箱操作。也正是這個(gè)緣故,哈貝馬斯宣稱,資產(chǎn)階級(jí)公共領(lǐng)域重新封建化,資產(chǎn)階級(jí)公共領(lǐng)域走向衰落。上世紀(jì)60年代以來,迅猛發(fā)展的國際互聯(lián)網(wǎng)憑借自身技術(shù)特點(diǎn),塑造出公共領(lǐng)域的新形態(tài)---網(wǎng)絡(luò)公共領(lǐng)域,為社會(huì)大眾提供了平等、自由地參與公共領(lǐng)域的條件,完全扭轉(zhuǎn)了資產(chǎn)階級(jí)公共領(lǐng)域不斷走向衰落的趨勢。因此,楊仁忠在其所著的《公共領(lǐng)域論》一書中宣稱:“大眾傳媒時(shí)代因權(quán)力和金錢的宰制而走向衰落的公共領(lǐng)域?qū)⒃谛畔r(shí)代重興”。我國實(shí)行改革開放后,隨著市場經(jīng)濟(jì)的深入發(fā)展,國家減少了對(duì)經(jīng)濟(jì)社會(huì)的干預(yù),國家與社會(huì)逐步分離,為公共領(lǐng)域出現(xiàn)提供條件,特別是國際互聯(lián)網(wǎng)的發(fā)展應(yīng)用,我國出現(xiàn)了網(wǎng)絡(luò)公共領(lǐng)域。然而,受到我國幾千年的封建專制制度的影響,上下尊卑的臣民思想依然存在,人們對(duì)政治民主的認(rèn)識(shí)實(shí)踐不深,導(dǎo)致民主發(fā)展滯后,以至于難以形成網(wǎng)絡(luò)公共領(lǐng)域,參與者分歧明顯,難以達(dá)成共識(shí),特別是達(dá)成理性的共識(shí)更難。網(wǎng)絡(luò)公共領(lǐng)域的參與者們不能遵照哈貝馬斯商談倫理,進(jìn)行有效的溝通,網(wǎng)絡(luò)中充斥著侮辱、謾罵、歪曲、虛假的信息。這一切都影響著共識(shí)的形成,甚至對(duì)現(xiàn)實(shí)的社會(huì)秩序造成破壞。在《關(guān)于公共領(lǐng)域問題的問答》中,哈貝馬斯也認(rèn)為“由于你們國家中經(jīng)濟(jì)和國家的關(guān)系不同,我完全能想象將西方模式直接‘應(yīng)用’到中國的任何一種嘗試所遇到的困難”。應(yīng)當(dāng)看到,網(wǎng)絡(luò)公共領(lǐng)域?yàn)槿嗣駥?shí)踐民主、培育民主價(jià)值理念提供了土壤,在社會(huì)主義民主政治建設(shè)中將會(huì)發(fā)揮重要的作用。因此,加強(qiáng)對(duì)網(wǎng)絡(luò)公共領(lǐng)域的研究顯得極其重要和急迫。考察哈貝馬斯發(fā)現(xiàn)的三種公共領(lǐng)域以及網(wǎng)絡(luò)公共領(lǐng)域,發(fā)現(xiàn)不論何種公共領(lǐng)域,最關(guān)鍵的要素是人,也即參與其中的主體。借助互聯(lián)網(wǎng)上的聊天室、微博、新聞評(píng)論、論壇等公共空間,人們對(duì)涉及公共利益的社會(huì)事務(wù)或者事件進(jìn)行討論,達(dá)成一致意見,形成輿論,以此對(duì)政府進(jìn)行監(jiān)督,這就標(biāo)志著網(wǎng)絡(luò)公共領(lǐng)域形成了,而作為個(gè)體的自然人加入這個(gè)空間之中就共同關(guān)注的議題進(jìn)行討論,自然就成為網(wǎng)絡(luò)公共領(lǐng)域的主體。沒有人參與的空間,絕對(duì)不是公共領(lǐng)域。網(wǎng)絡(luò)公共領(lǐng)域主體設(shè)定議題,經(jīng)過討論交流,達(dá)成一種或者多種共識(shí)。這些共識(shí),是一部分人或者全體的意愿的集合,代表著他們關(guān)于需要國家政治權(quán)力機(jī)關(guān)回應(yīng)的某一事項(xiàng)的共同或相近的看法,直接或間接影響著政府的合法性基礎(chǔ)。因此,加強(qiáng)對(duì)網(wǎng)絡(luò)公共領(lǐng)域主體的研究,掌握網(wǎng)絡(luò)公共領(lǐng)域的形成規(guī)律,積極構(gòu)建中國特色網(wǎng)絡(luò)公共領(lǐng)域,提升人們的民主素養(yǎng),提高人們政治參與熱情,對(duì)建設(shè)社會(huì)主義民主政治和推進(jìn)法治國家建設(shè),具有很強(qiáng)的指導(dǎo)意義。
[Abstract]:After careful investigation and study, Habermas thought that in human history, there were three forms of classical public domain in ancient Greece, the representative public domain of Western European feudal era and the bourgeois public domain in the capitalist era. When the capitalist development entered the monopoly stage, it represented the political interests of the bourgeoisie. By virtue of its political and economic strength, the party and the interest group gradually manipulate the bourgeois public sphere, which has led to the negative side of the bourgeois public sphere, and the politics became a secret operation of the minority. It is this reason that Habermas claims that the bourgeois public sphere is feudalism and the bourgeois public sphere is on the decline. Since the 60s of the 20th century, the rapid development of the international Internet has created a new form of public domain by virtue of its own technical characteristics - the network public sphere, which provides the public with equal and free participation in the public sphere, completely reversing the trend of the constant decline of the bourgeois public sphere. Therefore, Yang Renzhong is in his book In the book of public domain, a book claims: "the public sphere of the mass media era is going to decline because of power and money is declining in the information age." after the reform and opening up in China, with the development of the market economy, the state has reduced the intervention to the economy and society, the state and the society are gradually separated and provided for the public field. In China, especially the development and application of the Internet, our country has appeared in the network public domain. However, influenced by the feudal autocratic system of thousands of years in our country, the subject thought of the upper and lower inferiority still exists, the people's understanding of the political democracy is not deep, which leads to the stagnation of the democratic development so that it is difficult to form the network public domain and the participants are divided. It is difficult to reach a consensus, and it is difficult to reach a consensus, especially to reach a rational consensus. The participants in the public domain cannot comply with Habermas's discussion of ethics and communicate effectively. The network is full of insults, abuses, distortions and false information. All this affects the formation of consensus and even the social order of the reality. In question and answer to the public domain, Habermas also believes that "because of the different economic and national relations in your country, I can completely imagine the difficulties encountered by any attempt to apply the Western model directly to China." For the soil, it will play an important role in the construction of socialist democratic politics. Therefore, it is extremely important and urgent to strengthen the research on the public field in the network. Three public fields and network public fields discovered by Habermas find that the most important factor in any public domain is man, that is, the owner of the public domain. With the help of chat rooms on the Internet, micro-blog, news commentary, forum and other public spaces, people discuss social affairs or events involving public interests, reach consensus and form public opinion to supervise the government, which marks the formation of the public sphere in the network and as a natural person of the individual into the space. Discussions on issues of common concern naturally become the main body of the network public domain. Space without human participation is absolutely not a public domain. The subjects of the network public domain set up issues, through discussion and communication, to reach one or more consensus. The consensus is a collection of people or the will of the whole, representing them. The common or close view of a matter that needs the state political authority to respond directly or indirectly affects the legitimacy basis of the government. Therefore, to strengthen the research on the subject of the public domain in the network, grasp the law of the formation of the public field of the network, actively construct the public domain of the network of Chinese characteristics, and enhance the people's democratic attainment and improve the people. Our enthusiasm for political participation has a strong guiding significance in building socialist democratic politics and promoting the construction of a country under the rule of law.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：曲阜師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：B516.59

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本文編號(hào)：1940661