本文選題：自然之道 + 理國之道�。� 參考：《上海社會科學(xué)院》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：《老子》一書短短五千言,其中內(nèi)容豐富、思想深刻,從古至今的學(xué)者對其思想的研究著述汗牛充棟。本文選擇倫理角度對其思想進(jìn)行梳理與歸類,通過對老子思想中人與自然,人與社會及人與自身關(guān)系的思考與研究獲得現(xiàn)代啟示,以應(yīng)對當(dāng)前社會中的倫理道德問題。本文將內(nèi)容主要分為三個(gè)主要的部分,即自然之道、理國之道和理身之道。力圖打破西方固有的倫理分類,用具有中國文化傳統(tǒng)特色的方式進(jìn)行分類。從宏大到細(xì)微,步步升華又融會貫通,逐步將老子倫理思想的整體框架顯現(xiàn)出來,突破原有倫理思想梳理的割裂狀態(tài),以更符合老子倫理圓融一體的特點(diǎn)。圍繞著三個(gè)部分將老子思想作為一個(gè)有機(jī)整體進(jìn)行展開討論,三個(gè)主要部分的倫理思想有所融合與穿插,這正是老子倫理思想的一個(gè)獨(dú)特之處。自然之道,是老子倫理思想的基礎(chǔ)章節(jié),觀宇宙自然探討人與自然的倫理關(guān)系,探索人在自然中所扮演的角色及其行為規(guī)范是其主要內(nèi)容。在自然之道中老子通過對宇宙萬物的觀察總結(jié)出發(fā)展的規(guī)律,提煉出樸素的辯證法為其倫理思想構(gòu)建了邏輯框架,而此章節(jié)也以此規(guī)律為依據(jù)從其思想內(nèi)容中提煉出"萬物一體"、"萬物平等"、"萬物皆有道"三個(gè)核心內(nèi)容進(jìn)行討論,深入理解老子以"道"為核心的倫理思想體系。理國之道,深度剖析國家最高統(tǒng)治者的言行,總結(jié)出一套"無為"、"不爭"、"以百姓心為心"的君與民的倫理關(guān)系。此章節(jié)以君為主體,談君民一體,君民平等及君之道心的理國倫理思想,這一章節(jié)中所包含的不僅僅是統(tǒng)治者管理國家百姓的政治倫理,還包含了對統(tǒng)治者如何修養(yǎng)自身的個(gè)人倫理。理身之道,通過"自我覺悟階段"、"自我立身階段"、"虛懷若谷的大道階段"層層遞進(jìn),逐漸將老子的倫理思想落實(shí)到個(gè)人,展現(xiàn)出人與自身,人與人的相處之道。三個(gè)部分各自獨(dú)立又相互融合,整體的看待"三道"是完整理解老子倫理思想,體會老子倫理思想的優(yōu)越性的關(guān)鍵。倫理問題關(guān)乎著每一個(gè)人,古往今來圍繞倫理展開的思考與討論從未斷絕,當(dāng)下社會急速的朝前發(fā)展著,對倫理的思考與實(shí)踐卻被甩在了身后,中國的倫理思想豐富且獨(dú)一無二,我們急需從傳統(tǒng)的倫理中獲取精華,并從中推陳出新獲得對現(xiàn)代社會倫理發(fā)展的思考,而老子倫理思想在中國的倫理學(xué)史中特立獨(dú)行,可以為我們打開不一樣的視野,道德倫理是老子思想寶藏中的一小部分,也是重要的一個(gè)部分,其思想能夠跨越時(shí)空的局限喚醒人們對良知,對善的思考與反思,也引導(dǎo)的人們看得更細(xì)、更遠(yuǎn)、更深。
[Abstract]:Laozi is a short five thousand words, which is rich in content and profound in thought. This paper chooses ethics angle to sort out and classify his thoughts, and through the thinking and research of man and nature, man and society, and the relationship between man and himself in Laozi's thought, we can get the modern enlightenment, in order to deal with the ethical and moral problems in the present society. The content of this paper is divided into three main parts, namely, the way of nature, the way of managing the country and the way of managing the body. It tries to break down the inherent ethical classification of the West and use the traditional Chinese culture to classify it. From grandeur to nuance, step by step sublimation and integration, the whole frame of Laozi's ethics thought is gradually revealed, breaking through the carding state of the original ethics thought, in order to more accord with the characteristics of Laozi's ethical integration. Around three parts Laozi's thought is discussed as an organic whole, and the ethical thoughts of the three main parts are merged and interspersed, which is one of the unique aspects of Laozi's ethical thought. The way of nature is the basic chapter of Laozi's ethical thought. It is the main content to explore the ethical relationship between man and nature and to explore the role of man in nature and its behavior norms. In the Tao of Nature, Laozi sums up the law of development through the observation of all things in the universe, and abstracts the simple dialectics to construct a logical framework for his ethical thought. On the basis of this rule, this chapter abstracts three core contents of "everything is one", "all things are equal" and "all things have Tao", and deeply understand Laozi's ethical thought system with "Tao" as the core. This paper analyzes deeply the words and deeds of the country's supreme rulers, and sums up a set of ethical relations between the monarch and the people with "no action", "indisputable" and "the heart of the common people". This chapter takes the monarch as the main body, talks about the unity of the monarch and the people, the equality between the monarch and the people, and the ethical thought of managing the state of the people of the monarch. This chapter contains not only the political ethics of the ruler managing the people of the country, It also contains personal ethics about how rulers cultivate themselves. Through "self-consciousness stage", "self-establishment stage" and "empty road stage", Laozi's ethical thought is gradually implemented to the individual, showing the way of getting along with people and themselves. The three parts are independent and integrated with each other. It is the key to understand Laozi's ethics thought and understand the superiority of Laozi's ethics thought. Ethical issues concern everyone. The thinking and discussion about ethics has never stopped. The society is developing rapidly, but the thinking and practice of ethics has been left behind. China's ethical thoughts are rich and unique. We urgently need to get the essence from the traditional ethics, and get some thoughts on the ethical development of the modern society from the old and the new, while Laozi's ethical thoughts are maverick in the history of Chinese ethics. Moral ethics is a small part and an important part of Laozi's thought treasure. Its thought can transcend the limitation of time and space to awaken people's thinking and reflection on conscience and good. People who also guide them see more carefully, farther and deeper.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：上海社會科學(xué)院
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：B223.1

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