本文選題：明清儒學(xué) + 道在人心��； 參考：《武漢大學(xué)學(xué)報(bào)(人文科學(xué)版)》2017年03期

【摘要】：變天下無道為天下有道是傳統(tǒng)儒家士人的最終職志,因此他們必須時(shí)時(shí)與他們的行道對象——同處于此世的社會(huì)大眾保持聯(lián)系。這種聯(lián)系與儒學(xué)的內(nèi)在邏輯和外緣環(huán)境兩方面同時(shí)相關(guān)。在不同時(shí)代,這內(nèi)外兩方面因素是變動(dòng)不居的,儒家與社會(huì)大眾之間的聯(lián)系也隨之變動(dòng)而表現(xiàn)為接納大眾或疏遠(yuǎn)大眾兩種傾向,即所謂“求同”和“存異”兩種社會(huì)性格。明清之際,儒學(xué)的理論重心出現(xiàn)了從“道在人心”到“道在六經(jīng)”的轉(zhuǎn)移,同時(shí)又處在社會(huì)經(jīng)濟(jì)大發(fā)展和明清鼎革劇變的外緣環(huán)境中。在這兩方面的共同作用下,儒學(xué)的社會(huì)性格從主動(dòng)地“求同”轉(zhuǎn)變成為有意識(shí)地“存異”,從主動(dòng)地接納大眾調(diào)整為有意識(shí)地與大眾保持距離。以往的研究通常將清代考據(jù)家埋首故紙、不問世事的姿態(tài)解釋為政治壓力的結(jié)果。這自有其依據(jù)。但是如果把考據(jù)家的不問世事理解為始終與一般大眾的世界保持一種距離的話,那么他們的表現(xiàn)也許就不全是因?yàn)檎螇毫Φ摹氨粍?dòng)”姿態(tài),而更是一種“主動(dòng)”選擇。
[Abstract]:It is the ultimate duty of the traditional Confucian scholars to change from the world to the world, so they must always keep in touch with the people in this world. This connection is related to both the internal logic and the external environment of Confucianism. In different times, the internal and external factors are not changing, and the relationship between Confucianism and the public changes with it, and the relationship between Confucianism and the public changes in the form of accepting or alienating the masses, that is, "seeking common ground" and "reserving differences" as two kinds of social characters. During the Ming and Qing dynasties, the theoretical focus of Confucianism shifted from "Tao in the hearts" to "the Tao in the six Classics", and at the same time, it was in the environment of the great development of social economy and the drastic changes of the Ming and Qing dynasties. Under the joint action of these two aspects, the social character of Confucianism has changed from actively seeking common ground to consciously "reserving differences", from accepting the masses actively to consciously keeping distance from the masses. Previous studies have often interpreted the posturing of scholars in the Qing Dynasty as the result of political pressure. This has its own basis. But if they are understood as always keeping a distance from the world of the general public, their performance may not be entirely due to the "passive" posture of political pressure, but rather an "active" choice.
【作者單位】： 四川大學(xué)歷史文化學(xué)院;
【分類號(hào)】：B222

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