本文選題：荀子 + 政治思想�。� 參考：《中央民族大學》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：荀子是戰(zhàn)國末期儒家思想的集大成者,他提出的"禮法結合"、"君主民本"等政治主張在一定程度上促進了當時戰(zhàn)國的統(tǒng)一,更是自秦漢以來歷朝歷代在構建政治結構時的理論來源,對中國古代政治形態(tài)產(chǎn)生了極大的影響。本文從荀子所提出的若干重要的政治思想為出發(fā)點,從他提出的政治條例本身深度發(fā)掘其哲學思想。本論文分為以下幾個部分:緒論主要闡述論題的選題意義、相關研究動態(tài)綜述以及研究方法。第一章主要對荀子的生平以及其理論淵源進行闡述。荀子和孔子都為先秦儒學大家,因此在荀子的政治思想在很大程度上受到了孔子思想的影響,筆者主要是從"人性"、"為學"、"禮"三方面分析荀子受到孔學的影響。第二章著重討論了荀子構建其政治體系的理論基礎。戰(zhàn)國以來,人們對本體論的認識還處于具有"人格"的天之中,認為人的一切日常生活是由"天"來安排的。荀子提出的"明于天人相分"無疑是對當時社會所接受的自然觀的突破,且對于當時流行的"天命"來說更是一種人本的回歸。當人們將盲目崇拜"人格的天"轉變?yōu)槔硇钥创?自然的天"后,荀子繼而根據(jù)其理論闡明他的人性論,人性先天本質材樸,但有自然的欲望,而這種欲望如果不加以節(jié)制的話就會流于惡,這是荀子所提出的政治哲學思想的內在根基和邏輯進路,可以說人性惡與偽是荀子所提倡的政治哲學思想最基礎的部分。但是人性論只是荀子政治哲學思想的內在理論,一個政治體系的形成和可行性還需要外化的條件,因此,荀子便提出"群、分"的觀念,通過"群、分",他將人與動物區(qū)分開來,同時構建一個完整的社會秩序體系,這樣完備的政治哲學思想就形成了。第三章是文章的重點,主要闡述荀子依據(jù)其政治思想理論所提出的若干具體政治內容。筆者首先從荀子禮法論開始對他對禮和法的本質以及二者之間的關系談起,深究荀子隆禮重法的內在聯(lián)系,其次全面闡明荀子以禮為中心,建立起關于君臣、民本以及王霸等政治思想。第四章主要寫到荀子的政治哲學思想對后世的影響。在荀子的諸多學生中對當時社會產(chǎn)生最大影響的無疑是韓非和李斯二人,他們在離開荀子后分別以不同的官職得到秦朝的重用,因此二人對秦朝的政治制度形成起到根本作用,同時還影響了漢朝的政治制度設計走向。筆者在這章節(jié)重點闡明了其政治思想的深遠影響。第五章結語是對通篇進行總體歸納和闡述,意在指出荀子政治思想的嚴整性和完備性。
[Abstract]:Xunzi was the master of Confucianism in the late warring States period. His political propositions such as "combination of etiquette and law" and "monarch people first" promoted the unification of the warring States period to a certain extent. It is also the theoretical source of the construction of political structure since Qin and Han dynasties, which has exerted great influence on the ancient Chinese political form. Based on some important political thoughts put forward by Xunzi, this paper explores his philosophical thoughts deeply from his own political regulations. This paper is divided into the following parts: introduction mainly describes the significance of the topic, related research trends and research methods. The first chapter mainly expounds Xunzi's life and its theoretical origin. Both Xunzi and Confucius were all scholars of Confucianism in the pre-Qin period, so Xunzi's political thought was greatly influenced by Confucius' thought. The author mainly analyzed Xunzi's influence on Confucianism from three aspects: "humanity", "learning for learning" and "rites". Chapter two focuses on the theoretical basis of Xunzi's construction of his political system. Since the warring States period, people's understanding of ontology is still in the "personality" of the sky, that all people's daily life is arranged by "heaven". Xunzi's "the separation of Heaven and Man" was undoubtedly a breakthrough in the view of nature accepted by the society at that time, and it was also a return of humanism to the popular "destiny" at that time. When people turned the blind worship of "the Heaven of Personality" into a rational view of "the Heaven of Nature", Xunzi then explained his theory of human nature according to his theory, the innate essence of human nature is simple, but he has the desire of nature. If this desire is not controlled, it will flow into evil, which is the inner foundation and logical path of Xunzi's political philosophy thought, and it can be said that human nature and falsehood are the most basic part of Xunzi's political philosophy thought. But the theory of human nature is only the internal theory of Xunzi's political philosophy, and the formation and feasibility of a political system still need external conditions. Therefore, Xunzi puts forward the idea of "group, dividing", through "group," He distinguishes man from animal and constructs a complete system of social order, so a complete political philosophy is formed. The third chapter is the focus of the article, mainly expounding some concrete political contents put forward by Xunzi according to his political thought theory. The author begins with Xunzi's theory of etiquette and law to discuss his essence of ritual and law and the relationship between them, and then expounds Xunzi's inner relation of emphasizing law, and then clarifies that Xunzi regards rites as the center and establishes the monarch and his subjects. People as well as Wang Ba and other political ideas. Chapter four mainly discusses the influence of Xunzi's political philosophy on later generations. Among Xunzi's many students, there was no doubt that Han Fei and Li Si had the greatest influence on the society at that time. After leaving Xun Zi, they were reused in different official posts in the Qin Dynasty, so they played a fundamental role in the formation of the political system of the Qin Dynasty. At the same time, it also influenced the political system design of the Han Dynasty. In this chapter, the author emphasizes the profound influence of his political thought. The conclusion of the fifth chapter is to sum up and expound the whole part with the intention of pointing out the integrity and completeness of Xunzi's political thought.
【學位授予單位】：中央民族大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：B222.6

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本文編號：1788611