本文選題：柏拉圖 + 靈魂觀��； 參考：《華中師范大學(xué)》2014年碩士論文

【摘要】：自古以來(lái),“靈魂”問(wèn)題一直是人們廣泛關(guān)注的復(fù)雜問(wèn)題�？v觀哲學(xué)史,許多哲學(xué)家都將靈魂作為重要內(nèi)容進(jìn)行研究。發(fā)展至今,“靈魂”問(wèn)題演變?yōu)椤靶撵`”問(wèn)題,大批社會(huì)和自然科學(xué)家卷入其中開(kāi)展研究,形成了各式各樣的“心靈哲學(xué)”。 在眾多研究“靈魂”問(wèn)題的哲學(xué)家中,柏拉圖無(wú)疑是奠基性人物,他對(duì)靈魂問(wèn)題作了有別于他人的獨(dú)特詮釋,具體表現(xiàn)在：(一)他認(rèn)為靈魂是超越時(shí)空永恒不朽的獨(dú)立精神實(shí)體,是溝通物質(zhì)世界與理念世界的橋梁,且具有理性特質(zhì)和能動(dòng)的求真向善能力,是生命運(yùn)動(dòng)的原則。(二)他發(fā)展出相對(duì)完善的靈魂理論體系,對(duì)靈魂的本質(zhì)與特征、構(gòu)成與分類、統(tǒng)治與不朽、功能與凈化進(jìn)行了創(chuàng)造性論說(shuō)。(三)他開(kāi)啟了在認(rèn)識(shí)論意義上研究靈魂的新進(jìn)路,讓靈魂更富理性精神意義,使整個(gè)西方哲學(xué)包圍在“理性”的統(tǒng)治中,沿著“求真”、“向善”這兩條研究路徑向前發(fā)展。 本文立足于馬克思主義,通過(guò)對(duì)柏拉圖原著及其相關(guān)著作的解讀,試圖闡明柏拉圖靈魂觀的思想淵源,梳理出柏拉圖靈魂觀的理論體系,并對(duì)其靈魂觀的精神實(shí)質(zhì)及現(xiàn)代意蘊(yùn)進(jìn)行挖掘和探索,以揭示其對(duì)當(dāng)代人類的心靈、意識(shí)及生死問(wèn)題的借鑒和啟示,促進(jìn)馬克思主義哲學(xué)的豐富和發(fā)展。 本文共分六個(gè)部分： 第一部分：緒論。概要說(shuō)明選題緣起、研究意義與現(xiàn)狀、創(chuàng)新之處和研究方法。 第二部分：柏拉圖靈魂觀的思想淵源。概要梳理古希臘荷馬史詩(shī)神話中蘊(yùn)含的靈魂思想、古希臘宗教之奧爾弗斯教的靈魂思想,以及對(duì)柏拉圖思想產(chǎn)生重要影響的畢達(dá)哥拉斯和蘇格拉底的靈魂觀。 第三部分：柏拉圖靈魂觀的基本內(nèi)容。系統(tǒng)闡述柏拉圖靈魂觀的基本內(nèi)容,從靈魂的本質(zhì)與特征、靈魂的分類與構(gòu)成、靈魂的統(tǒng)治與不朽、靈魂的功能與凈化等四個(gè)方面,對(duì)柏拉圖靈魂觀的思想內(nèi)容進(jìn)行分層闡述。 第四部分：柏拉圖靈魂觀的精神實(shí)質(zhì)。通過(guò)對(duì)柏拉圖靈魂觀的梳理與辨析,揭示其唯心主義靈魂觀的思想實(shí)質(zhì)。 第五部分：柏拉圖靈魂觀的現(xiàn)代意蘊(yùn)。從心靈哲學(xué)、人學(xué)和死亡哲學(xué)等視角挖掘柏拉圖靈魂觀的現(xiàn)代意蘊(yùn),初步探索其對(duì)發(fā)展馬克思主義哲學(xué)的借鑒與啟迪。 第六部分：結(jié)語(yǔ)。簡(jiǎn)要說(shuō)明柏拉圖靈魂觀所蘊(yùn)含的價(jià)值和理論缺陷,并對(duì)本文的工作及不完善的地方作出總結(jié)。
[Abstract]:Since ancient times, the question of "soul" has been a complex problem that people pay attention to widely.Throughout the history of philosophy, many philosophers have studied soul as an important content.Up to now, the "soul" problem has evolved into the "soul" problem, in which a large number of social and natural scientists have been involved in the research, forming a variety of "philosophy of mind".Among the many philosophers who have studied the question of "soul", Plato is undoubtedly a foundational figure. He has made a unique interpretation of the question of soul, which is different from others.He holds that the soul is an independent spiritual entity that transcends the eternal immortality of time and space, is the bridge between the material world and the world of ideas, and has the rational characteristics and the ability to seek truth for good, which is the principle of life movement.(2) he developed a relatively perfect soul theory system, and made a creative argument on the essence and characteristics, constitution and classification, rule and immortality, function and purification of the soul.(3) he opens a new way to study the soul in the epistemological sense, makes the soul more rational and spiritual meaning, causes the whole western philosophy to surround in the rule of "reason", and develops along the two research paths of "seeking truth" and "turning to good".Based on Marxism, this paper attempts to clarify the ideological origin of Plato's view of soul through the interpretation of Plato's original works and related works, and to sort out the theoretical system of Plato's view of soul.The spiritual essence and modern meaning of his view of soul are explored and explored in order to reveal their reference and enlightenment to the problems of soul consciousness and life and death of contemporary human beings and to promote the enrichment and development of Marxist philosophy.This paper is divided into six parts:Part one: introduction.Briefly explain the origin of the topic, research significance and current situation, innovation and research methods.The second part: the thought origin of Plato's view of soul.This paper summarizes the soul thought contained in the epic mythology of Homer in ancient Greece, the soul thought of Orpheus in ancient Greek religion, and the soul view of Pythagoras and Socrates, which has an important influence on Plato's thought.The third part: the basic content of Plato's view of soul.This paper systematically expounds the basic contents of Plato's view on soul, including the essence and characteristics of soul, the classification and composition of soul, the rule and immortality of soul, the function and purification of soul, and expounds the ideological content of Plato's view of soul.The fourth part: the spiritual essence of Plato's view of soul.By combing and discriminating Plato's view of soul, the ideological essence of his idealistic view of soul is revealed.The fifth part: the modern meaning of Plato's view of soul.This paper explores the modern meaning of Plato's view of soul from the perspectives of philosophy of mind, humanology and philosophy of death, and preliminarily explores its reference and enlightenment to the development of Marxist philosophy.Part VI: conclusion.This paper briefly explains the value and theoretical defects of Plato's view of soul, and summarizes the work and imperfections of this paper.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：華中師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號(hào)】：B502.232

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