本文關(guān)鍵詞：超驗(yàn)主義與二元論：羅伯特·弗羅斯特詩(shī)歌的哲學(xué)研究，由筆耕文化傳播整理發(fā)布。

        羅伯特·弗羅斯特是20世紀(jì)美國(guó)最偉大的詩(shī)人之一，被譽(yù)為“美國(guó)的民族詩(shī)人”，是美國(guó)近代文壇的領(lǐng)軍人物。在創(chuàng)作背景上，他的詩(shī)歌大多以新英格蘭鄉(xiāng)村為背景，具有濃郁的鄉(xiāng)土氣息和浪漫的田園風(fēng)情，并且以神圣而美麗的大自然為依托，字里行間處處閃耀著哲學(xué)思辨的光芒。在創(chuàng)作理念上，他發(fā)揚(yáng)了傳統(tǒng)詩(shī)歌的優(yōu)秀特質(zhì)，并在其基礎(chǔ)上進(jìn)行了超越和創(chuàng)新，從而在更高角度、更深層次上形成了自己的超驗(yàn)美學(xué)，真正實(shí)現(xiàn)了傳統(tǒng)詩(shī)歌向現(xiàn)代詩(shī)歌的過(guò)渡。在創(chuàng)作技巧上，他以簡(jiǎn)單、樸實(shí)的文字，向讀者傳遞更為深邃的哲學(xué)思想，引領(lǐng)讀者開(kāi)啟靈魂的大門，步入他豐富的精神世界。本論文旨在從哲學(xué)層面深入探討羅伯特·弗羅斯特詩(shī)歌中的超驗(yàn)主義、二元對(duì)立與統(tǒng)一主題和語(yǔ)言哲學(xué)問(wèn)題。弗羅斯特是一個(gè)飽受爭(zhēng)議的哲學(xué)詩(shī)人。由于受超驗(yàn)主義的影響，他完全生活在自己的情感世界里，盡管歷盡磨難，他還是那樣樂(lè)觀,把自己的生活感受融入詩(shī)歌中。他的詩(shī)歌具有濃郁的超驗(yàn)主義色彩，弗羅斯特不僅能細(xì)細(xì)品味事物，掌握精髓，而且也能發(fā)現(xiàn)事物并透過(guò)現(xiàn)象揭示本質(zhì)。因此，他的詩(shī)歌有著端莊凝重的形式，語(yǔ)句中洋溢著獨(dú)特而富有魅力的睿智，語(yǔ)言辛辣諷刺且飽含高深的哲學(xué)韻味。弗羅斯特辯證地看待事物，正確對(duì)待生死離別。他那超凡脫俗的樂(lè)觀精神也深深地影響著讀者。同時(shí)，弗羅斯特將其哲學(xué)觀點(diǎn)運(yùn)用于生活，并借此建立起強(qiáng)大的精神世界。此外，他的詩(shī)歌強(qiáng)調(diào)自然界中存在兩種物質(zhì)實(shí)體，并且不斷發(fā)展變化，在轉(zhuǎn)化過(guò)程中相互促進(jìn)，共同發(fā)展。本文闡述了他詩(shī)歌中的二元對(duì)立統(tǒng)一關(guān)系。語(yǔ)言哲學(xué)則是弗羅斯特詩(shī)歌中的另一哲學(xué)特征。本文指出：語(yǔ)言或言語(yǔ)表現(xiàn)出的不僅僅是字面上的意義，簡(jiǎn)單的語(yǔ)句背后蘊(yùn)藏著更深刻的哲學(xué)內(nèi)涵。本文包括引言、主體三章和結(jié)語(yǔ)。引言部分概述了弗羅斯特的生平，國(guó)內(nèi)外對(duì)弗羅斯特的研究狀況，他的文學(xué)成就，本文研究的主要內(nèi)容，研究方法及論文的框架。第一章主要論述弗羅斯特詩(shī)歌中的超驗(yàn)主義問(wèn)題，他主張人能超越感覺(jué)和理性而直接認(rèn)識(shí)真理。超驗(yàn)主義者認(rèn)為，世界存在一種理想的精神實(shí)體，它能夠超越經(jīng)驗(yàn)和科學(xué)而通過(guò)直覺(jué)把握真理。本章運(yùn)用超驗(yàn)主義理論分析弗羅斯特詩(shī)歌中的哲學(xué)特征，全面地探討弗羅斯特詩(shī)歌中的超驗(yàn)主義詩(shī)學(xué)、人與自然的親密性、遍及自然和人類的神性。弗羅斯特認(rèn)為人與自然有著不可分割的親密性，人與自然是一種相互作用的關(guān)系。自然給人類提供必要的保障，人類反過(guò)來(lái)改造自然，促進(jìn)自然界更好地發(fā)展，為人類服務(wù)。第二章系統(tǒng)地論述弗羅斯特詩(shī)歌中的二元對(duì)立統(tǒng)一主題。二元論者認(rèn)為，世界的本源是意識(shí)和物質(zhì)兩個(gè)實(shí)體，意識(shí)超越物質(zhì)而獨(dú)立存在。本章旨在探索弗羅斯特詩(shī)歌中二元對(duì)立統(tǒng)一的哲學(xué)基礎(chǔ)構(gòu)筑。根據(jù)對(duì)立統(tǒng)一規(guī)律學(xué)說(shuō)，世間一切事物都存在矛盾，矛盾無(wú)處不在，無(wú)時(shí)不有。矛盾即對(duì)立又統(tǒng)一，在一定條件下相互作用和相互轉(zhuǎn)變。本文揭示了弗羅斯特詩(shī)歌中人與人以及人與社會(huì)之間的對(duì)立統(tǒng)一的辯證關(guān)系。第三章著重研究弗羅斯特詩(shī)歌中的語(yǔ)言哲學(xué)問(wèn)題。語(yǔ)言或言語(yǔ)在一般情況下表達(dá)語(yǔ)言本身的意義，而在某種特定情境下，語(yǔ)言表達(dá)的是特定的意義。弗羅斯特的詩(shī)歌運(yùn)用聲音理論、隱喻和象征、不可知論表述出他的語(yǔ)言哲學(xué)觀點(diǎn)，增強(qiáng)了詩(shī)歌的哲學(xué)內(nèi)涵，提高了詩(shī)歌的思想層次。弗羅斯特認(rèn)為，詩(shī)歌是由詩(shī)歌語(yǔ)言傳達(dá)意義，而詩(shī)歌語(yǔ)言本身就是一種聲音，可以表達(dá)情感和反映情緒。在他的詩(shī)歌中，，簡(jiǎn)單的詩(shī)句背后往往蘊(yùn)藏著深刻的內(nèi)涵。結(jié)論部分總結(jié)了超驗(yàn)主義及二元論的對(duì)立統(tǒng)一關(guān)系。通過(guò)研究超驗(yàn)主義和探討二元論在弗羅斯特詩(shī)歌作品中的表現(xiàn)作用，揭示了二者的哲學(xué)內(nèi)涵，這對(duì)于讀者了解弗羅斯特詩(shī)歌作品中的哲學(xué)思想具有重要意義。哲學(xué)理論與詩(shī)歌創(chuàng)作相互結(jié)合，提高了詩(shī)歌的美學(xué)價(jià)值和藝術(shù)感染力。本文認(rèn)為，弗羅斯特使哲學(xué)思想與詩(shī)歌藝術(shù)巧妙結(jié)合，相輔相成，既表現(xiàn)了哲學(xué)思想，又提高了詩(shī)歌的美學(xué)價(jià)值，使哲學(xué)與詩(shī)歌形成了一個(gè)有機(jī)的整體。顯然，兩者的對(duì)立統(tǒng)一關(guān)系在詩(shī)歌中的巧妙運(yùn)用極大地豐富了詩(shī)歌的內(nèi)涵，因而備受讀者青睞。弗羅斯特將超驗(yàn)哲學(xué)和二元論運(yùn)用于詩(shī)歌創(chuàng)作之中，深刻揭示人物的內(nèi)心世界和預(yù)知預(yù)感，努力探索人物的心理發(fā)展過(guò)程。歷史賦予了弗羅斯特作為哲學(xué)詩(shī)人的地位。盡管歷史上曾有許多作家和詩(shī)人論述過(guò)詩(shī)歌哲學(xué)，但是很少有人像弗羅斯特那樣表現(xiàn)得如此深刻。他用自己的親身經(jīng)歷闡述人生哲理，寓意深刻，令人回味。本文充分肯定了他的創(chuàng)作成就和對(duì)詩(shī)歌哲學(xué)所做出的貢獻(xiàn)。弗羅斯特不朽的詩(shī)篇已經(jīng)成為人類豐富的文化遺產(chǎn)。

    Robert Frost, one of the greatest American poets of the20thcentury, is honored asan American national poet and as an outstanding leader of American literary circlesin modern times. In his poems he frequently employs New England settings to presentstrong rural flavors and romantic idyllic tastes with a philosophical connotationpresented in his vivid descriptions of nature. Concerning the method and content ofhis writing, Frost not only makes full use of traditional poetic writing techniques butalso brings forth new ideas and finally develops his own view of transcendentalpoetics at a higher perspective and a deeper level than most other poets. Hence Frostrealized a transition from a traditional poetic view to a modern one. Frost s writingtechnique conveys an insightful philosophical essence to his readers through hissimple and plain words, guiding readers to explore his poetry and to enter into hismarvelous spiritual world.This dissertation aims to study the themes of transcendentalism, dualisticopposition and unity, and the philosophy of language in Robert Frost’s poetry. Frostis a controversial philosophical poet. Due to the influence of transcendentalism, helived entirely in his own emotional world. Although his life was difficult, Frostremained optimistic in writing about his life through poetry, with his writingdisplaying a strong sense of transcendentalism. Frost exhibited an ability to pondertopics, grasp their essence, and eventually reveal their truth through physicalphenomena. His poems are of a dignified form, with his poetic lines characterized bya unique, charming use of wise sayings, ironic humor, and profound philosophicalideas. Frost treats life issues dialectically, converting sorrows into strengths anddisplaying a positive attitude towards life owing to his extraordinary, inspiringlyoptimistic spirit. Moreover, he applies philosophy to his life in his poetry andconsequently builds a strong spiritual world.Additionally, Frost’s poetry emphasizes the existence of two entities in thenatural world that constantly change and develop. In the process of mutual interaction,these entities gain mutual development. The inherent relationships in this dualistic opposition and unity, as well as in the philosophy of language, are important featuresof Frost’s poetry. This dissertation argues that language or parole, expresses not onlysuperficial meanings but, on certain occasions, allows simple sentences, like thoseused by Frost, to convey profound philosophical significance.This dissertation contains an introduction, three chapters, and a conclusion.The Introduction briefly introduces Frost s life experiences, provides a study onFrost at home and abroad, and describes Frost s literary achievements. This isfollowed by a summary of the main points of this study, its research methodology,and the dissertation s outline.Chapter One features an in-depth research on transcendentalist theory, whichclaims that man can surpass sense and possess enough rationality to know the truthdirectly. Transcendentalists believe that there is a realistic spiritual entity in the worldthat can surpass human experience as well as science, thereby mastering the truththrough intuition. This chapter uses transcendentalist theory to analyze thephilosophical characteristics in Frost s poems and to extensively discuss thetranscendentalist poetics of his writing, the intimacy between humans and nature, andthe divinity that pervades nature and humans. Frost believes that there is an intimacybetween man and nature an interactive and affinitive relationship of great integrity,where nature provides enough necessities for human beings who in turn transformnature and promote its capacity to effectively serve humanity.Chapter Two incorporates a systematic study of dualistic theory, which posits thatthe origin of the world is composed of two entities, spirit and matter, with spiritsurpassing matter and existing independently. This chapter examines thephilosophical theory of opposition and unity in Frost s poetry. According to dualistictheory, constant contradictions exist everywhere and in everything in the world. Theworld s oppositions and unities create mutual interactions and changes under certainconditions. This chapter reveals that Frost s poetry contains such dialecticaloppositions and unity in its depictions of the relationships between man and man aswell as man and society.Chapter Three introduces the theory of the philosophy of language in Frost s poetry. Generally, language expresses the meaning of language itself, but in particularsituations, this expression takes on a particular significance. In Frost s poetry, forexample, the theory of the sound of senses, metaphors and symbols, and agnosticismare all employed to illustrate his philosophy of language. Frost believes that poetryutilizes vocabulary to convey meanings, with language itself being a voice which canexpress emotions and moods, with simple words implying complex meanings.The Conclusion summarizes transcendentalist philosophy and the dualisticrelationships of opposition and unity and how these theories function in Frost s poetry,revealing its significant philosophical connotations, while also affirming Frost s lifeaccomplishments, his philosophical contributions to poetry, and the enduring qualityof his writing. Frost s combination of philosophy with poetry elevates the aestheticvalue and artistic infectivity of his work. By sophisticatedly combining philosophywith poetry, Frost forms a supplementary relationship between the two subjects thatnot only reveals his philosophical thinking but also elevates the aesthetic value of hispoetry to an organically philosophical-poetic whole.Frost s application of transcendentalism and dualism in his poetry reflects thepsychological development process through the presentiment of his poems characters.While other writers and poets in history have written philosophical poetry, no one hasarguably achieved the magnitude reached by Frost, who takes philosophy from his lifeexperience and expounds meanings of such profundity that an enlightened aftertasteremains long after the poems have been read. Frost s philosophical contributions inpoetry are among his greatest achievements, allowing his work to become immortal asan important cultural heritage for human beings.

超驗(yàn)主義與二元論：羅伯特·弗羅斯特詩(shī)歌的哲學(xué)研究

Acknowledgements4-5摘要5-7Abstract7-9Introduction11-27    I．Frost sAchievements and Literature Review11-19    II. The Definition of Transcendentalism and Dualism19-21    III. The Main Argument and the Methodology of the Dissertation21-22    IV. The Organization of the Dissertation22-27Chapter One Transcendentalism in Frost’s Poetry27-58    I. Transcendentalism of Frost’s Poetics27-41    II. The Affinity between Man and Nature41-50    III. The Divinity of Nature and Humanity50-58Chapter Two Dualism of Opposition and Unity in Frost’s Poetry58-100    I. Detachment and Harmony in Human Relationships59-73    II. The Conflict and Concord between Man and Society73-86    III．Poetic Representation of Epistemological Dualism86-100Chapter Three The Philosophy of Language in Frost’s Poetry100-144    I. Sound of Senses in Frost’s Poetry101-110    II. Metaphors and Symbols in Frost’s Poetry110-121    III. The Language of Agnosticism in Frost’s Poetry121-144Conclusion144-149Bibliography149-155

  本文關(guān)鍵詞：超驗(yàn)主義與二元論：羅伯特·弗羅斯特詩(shī)歌的哲學(xué)研究，由筆耕文化傳播整理發(fā)布。