本文選題：德意志意識(shí)形態(tài)　切入點(diǎn)：現(xiàn)實(shí)　出處：《西南政法大學(xué)》2014年碩士論文　論文類(lèi)型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：《德意志意識(shí)形態(tài)》（以下簡(jiǎn)稱(chēng)《形態(tài)》）是馬克思恩格斯創(chuàng)立唯物史觀的重要文本，蘊(yùn)含著豐富的歷史唯物主義思想，堪稱(chēng)馬克思恩格斯早期歷史唯物主義的奠基之作。在這本著作里，馬克思恩格斯對(duì)當(dāng)時(shí)德國(guó)存在的各種黑格爾派式的思想進(jìn)行了深刻的揭露，一針見(jiàn)血指出這些所謂超越黑格爾的思想只不過(guò)是在搬弄黑格爾思想的某個(gè)方面對(duì)另外的體系或方面進(jìn)行攻擊；批判了德意志意識(shí)形態(tài)家們的偽辨證法，這些意識(shí)形態(tài)家把自己的思想吹噓得正確無(wú)比，無(wú)所不包，但這些意識(shí)形態(tài)家們犯了一個(gè)共同的嚴(yán)重錯(cuò)誤，那就是他們?cè)诶^承或假以黑格爾思想的時(shí)候，并沒(méi)有從它的根本基礎(chǔ)上進(jìn)行深刻的認(rèn)識(shí)和反思，他們是在用形而上學(xué)批判形而上學(xué)；盡管費(fèi)爾巴哈的思想有所進(jìn)步，但他在討論人類(lèi)歷史發(fā)展的時(shí)候卻又陷入了唯心主義的“愛(ài)”的世界里了，他的唯物主義只能稱(chēng)作半截子唯物主義。黑格爾將歷史納入到了哲學(xué)的視域，但這實(shí)際上是概念的總體性，馬克思恩格斯在深入研究的基礎(chǔ)上提出了具體的總體性，，從實(shí)在和具體開(kāi)始，從現(xiàn)實(shí)開(kāi)始，不斷在社會(huì)現(xiàn)實(shí)的層面上推進(jìn)理論的研究，他們發(fā)現(xiàn)了新的世界觀，即建立在辯證的歷史的基礎(chǔ)上的唯物史觀。馬克思恩格斯的天才的發(fā)現(xiàn)是哲學(xué)史上的革命，這個(gè)新的哲學(xué)體系與以往所有的思想不同的最大之處就是它完完全全建立在客觀的歷史的社會(huì)現(xiàn)實(shí)的基礎(chǔ)上。以往的哲學(xué)思想的基礎(chǔ)是建立在“天國(guó)”的形而上學(xué)之上，而馬恩哲學(xué)卻要將哲學(xué)的基礎(chǔ)和視域從“天國(guó)”回到“人間”，這個(gè)人間就是現(xiàn)實(shí)的社會(huì)，亦或叫社會(huì)的現(xiàn)實(shí)，這不僅僅是哲學(xué)思想的現(xiàn)實(shí)，而且是人類(lèi)整個(gè)其他領(lǐng)域拓展活動(dòng)的現(xiàn)實(shí)，這是各種人的活動(dòng)和人的關(guān)系糅合在一起的復(fù)雜現(xiàn)實(shí)。現(xiàn)實(shí)是歷史唯物主義思想的基石，離開(kāi)了現(xiàn)實(shí)談馬克思主義辯證法或是唯物史觀，將成為形而上學(xué)的空談偽論�，F(xiàn)實(shí)的重要性不言而喻，可以從三個(gè)維度來(lái)窺測(cè)：其一，現(xiàn)實(shí)的人，這是一切自然科學(xué)和社會(huì)科學(xué)的基礎(chǔ)；其二，現(xiàn)實(shí)的活動(dòng)，或者叫實(shí)踐，這是人類(lèi)社會(huì)生存發(fā)展的宏觀微觀模式的呈現(xiàn)；其三，現(xiàn)實(shí)的關(guān)系，或稱(chēng)條件，這與實(shí)踐活動(dòng)密不可分，這也是客觀現(xiàn)實(shí)視域下的重要范疇�？v觀《形態(tài)》通篇，馬克思恩格斯正是以現(xiàn)實(shí)的三個(gè)維度為抓手，開(kāi)展了對(duì)德意志意識(shí)形態(tài)家們的深刻批判，并闡述了歷史唯物主義的思想。閃爍著唯物史觀思想的第一卷第一章《費(fèi)爾巴哈》章是《形態(tài)》的主體�，F(xiàn)實(shí)的人、現(xiàn)實(shí)的活動(dòng)、現(xiàn)實(shí)的關(guān)系，這三個(gè)維度無(wú)處不是作為現(xiàn)實(shí)橫貫其中，第二卷《真正的社會(huì)主義》也是對(duì)一系列脫離現(xiàn)實(shí)的思想進(jìn)行深刻批判后的歸宿。本文試圖將《形態(tài)》這部作品中的這些現(xiàn)實(shí)思想做出一定分析和研究。
[Abstract]:"German ideology" (hereinafter referred to as "form") is an important text of Marx and Engels' historical materialism, which contains rich historical materialism thought. Marx and Engels laid the foundation of early historical materialism. In this work, Marx and Engels profoundly exposed the various Hegel schools of thought that existed in Germany at that time. Pointed out at one point that these so-called ideas beyond Hegel were merely an attempt to manipulate one aspect of Hegel's thought to attack another system or aspect, criticizing the false dialectics of German ideologists, These ideologists brag about their ideas to the fullest extent, but these ideologists have made a serious common mistake, that is, when they inherit or fake Hegel's ideas, They are criticizing metaphysics with metaphysics, although Feuerbach's thoughts have improved. But when he discussed the development of human history, he fell into the world of "love" of idealism, and his materialism could only be called half-child materialism. Hegel brought history into the realm of philosophy. But this is actually the totality of the concept. Marx and Engels put forward the concrete totality on the basis of in-depth research, starting from reality and concrete, starting from reality, constantly advancing theoretical research on the level of social reality. They discovered a new worldview, a historical materialism based on dialectical history. Marx and Engels' discovery of genius was a revolution in the history of philosophy. The biggest difference between this new philosophical system and all previous thoughts is that it is completely based on the social reality of objective history. However, the philosophy of Man should return the foundation and horizon of philosophy from "heaven" to "human being", which is the reality of society, or the reality of society, which is not only the reality of philosophy, but also the reality of society. And it is the reality of the expansion of human activities in the whole of other fields, which is a complex reality of all kinds of human activities and human relations. Reality is the cornerstone of historical materialism. To talk about Marxist dialectics or historical materialism without reality will become a metaphysical theory of falsehood. The importance of reality is self-evident and can be seen from three dimensions: first, real people, This is the basis of all natural and social sciences; second, the activity of reality, or practice, which is the presentation of the macro and micro model for the survival and development of human society; and third, the relationship between reality, or conditions, This is inseparable from practical activities, which is also an important category from the perspective of objective reality. Throughout the whole part of "form", Marx and Engels carried out a profound criticism of German ideologists with the three dimensions of reality as their grasp. The first chapter, "Feuerbach", is the main body of "form". These three dimensions traverse them as reality, The second volume, "Real Socialism", is also the home of a series of thoughts which are out of touch with reality. This paper attempts to analyze and study these realistic thoughts in the novel "Morphology".
【學(xué)位授予單位】：西南政法大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：B03

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