本文關(guān)鍵詞： 《東坡易傳》 蘇軾 生命思想 人性 自然　出處：《曲阜師范大學(xué)》2016年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：《東坡易傳》是蘇軾的哲學(xué)代表作。近千年來,蘇軾以其文學(xué)成就著稱于世,實(shí)際上,他在哲學(xué)領(lǐng)域也取得了顯著成績,他是北宋重要的哲學(xué)學(xué)派——蜀學(xué)的創(chuàng)始人之一和主要代表。蘇軾本人也認(rèn)為其最重要的成就是在哲學(xué)方面。蘇軾撰寫《東坡易傳》,“會(huì)通諸家,以儒為本”,他敬畏天地生命,探索人生的意義與價(jià)值,發(fā)揚(yáng)和提倡人性之自由,在北宋讀易解易思潮和各哲學(xué)流派的學(xué)者中獨(dú)樹一幟。雖然目前學(xué)術(shù)界對于《東坡易傳》究竟為三蘇父子共撰還是蘇軾一人所成尚有爭議,但不可否認(rèn)的是,《東坡易傳》的主要思想還是屬于蘇東坡的,這的確是蘇軾哲學(xué)思想之結(jié)晶。蘇軾歷來以其樂觀曠達(dá)、隨緣自適的人格魅力和人生態(tài)度影響著一代代的文人學(xué)士,深受歷代人民群眾的喜愛,而他這種生命思想的由來與其讀易解易息息相關(guān)。《東坡易傳》包含了豐富的生命思想,基于蘇軾個(gè)人生命體驗(yàn)和人生經(jīng)歷,融合儒道,自成一派,成為了其哲學(xué)中最為閃光的部分。《東坡易傳》的生命思想可以概括為“生命的自然之理”與“生命的人事之功”兩部分。從自然角度來看,《東坡易傳》闡述了關(guān)于生命的生成及其特點(diǎn)的自然主義傾向。蘇軾表達(dá)了“有生于無”的宇宙生成論思想,認(rèn)為“無”是最初的開始,“有”是事物的生成。而“易”是當(dāng)生命萬物生生不息,吉兇得失變化齊備時(shí),而運(yùn)行于其間的“道”�！稏|坡易傳》認(rèn)為“出于一而兩于所在”的對立統(tǒng)一之理是促使生命生成變化的內(nèi)在力量:生命的千變?nèi)f化都是在同一中對立二者的基礎(chǔ)上形成的,這對立雙方和諧圓融地統(tǒng)一于“同一”之中,構(gòu)成了本體之完整�！稏|坡易傳》表達(dá)了生命的幾個(gè)自然特點(diǎn):天賦之命不可更改;命運(yùn)禍福流轉(zhuǎn)無定;性本自然亦不可見,人之性是不可用道德標(biāo)準(zhǔn)和社會(huì)屬性來加以比擬言說的�！吧娜耸轮Α辈糠痔接懙氖腔谏淖匀槐举|(zhì),人的一生應(yīng)當(dāng)如何度過,如何讓自身生命與現(xiàn)實(shí)世界和坎坷時(shí)運(yùn)達(dá)成和解�！稏|坡易傳》認(rèn)為,人應(yīng)當(dāng)做到“順應(yīng)生命而生”,要安以俟命,無心清靜;生于憂患,保持生命運(yùn)動(dòng)的不息不止;重視和把握好生命中的時(shí)機(jī)。蘇軾也提出了“理想生命人格”的內(nèi)涵:生而有責(zé),人應(yīng)肩負(fù)起對其所處的社會(huì)和時(shí)代的責(zé)任;審時(shí)度勢,根據(jù)不同時(shí)機(jī)形勢采取不同行動(dòng)才能取得成功;與人誠同,真誠的同和才能建立顛撲不破的情誼。對《東坡易傳》生命思想的研究有諸多現(xiàn)實(shí)意義。從理論方面來說,要學(xué)習(xí)、繼承并發(fā)揚(yáng)蘇軾這種在逆境中始終保有獨(dú)立人格、自由思想并積極進(jìn)行理論創(chuàng)新的精神,敢于向權(quán)威和陳規(guī)提出挑戰(zhàn),形成自身的治學(xué)風(fēng)格。對現(xiàn)代人的生活來說:要直面福禍,泰然處之;保持生命積極向上的狀態(tài);把握時(shí)機(jī),審時(shí)度勢;培德養(yǎng)才,提升自身,減輕對物欲的追逐和外在榮辱對人的消磨,開拓廣闊的精神空間。
[Abstract]:Dongpo Yi Zhuan is the representative work of Su Shi's philosophy. In the last thousand years, Su Shi has been famous for his literary achievements, but in fact, he has made remarkable achievements in the field of philosophy. He was one of the founders and principal representatives of Shu School, an important school of philosophy in the Northern Song Dynasty. Su Shi himself thought that his most important achievement was in philosophy. To explore the meaning and value of life, to carry forward and promote the freedom of human nature, In the Northern Song Dynasty, the scholars who read the Yi Yi ideological trend and various philosophical schools are unique. Although there is still controversy in the academic circles about whether the book "Dongpo Yi Zhuan" is a co-compilation of "three Su" and "Su Shi". But it is undeniable that the main ideas of Dongpo Yi Zhuan still belong to Su Dongpo, which is indeed the crystallization of Su Shi's philosophy. Su Shi has always been optimistic and open-minded. The personality charm and life attitude that follow suit influence the literati of the generation after generation, deeply loved by the masses of the people in the past dynasties, and the origin of his life thought is closely related to his easy to understand. Dongpo Yi Zhuan contains rich life thought. Based on Su Shi's personal life experience and life experience, he merged Confucianism and Taoism into a school of his own. The life thought of Dongpo Yi Zhuan can be summarized as "the principle of Nature of Life" and "the work of personnel of Life". From the natural point of view, Dongpo Yi Zhuan expounds Guan. The naturalism tendency of life and its characteristics. Su Shi expressed the idea of "having born out of nothing". It is believed that "nothing" is the initial beginning, "have" is the creation of things, and "Yi" is when all things in life are born, and the good or bad changes are complete. "Tao", which runs in the middle of it, holds that the unity of opposites of "out of one and two in place" is the internal force that causes life to change: the ever-changing nature of life is formed on the basis of the same and the opposite. This opposition is harmoniously United in the "same", forming the integrity of the Noumenon. "Dongpo Yi Zhuan" expresses several natural characteristics of life: the natural order cannot be changed, the fate and fortune flow unsettled, and the nature itself is invisible. Human nature cannot be compared with moral standards and social attributes. The part of "the work of personnel in life" explores the natural nature of life, and how one's life should be spent. How to reconcile one's life with the real world and the rough times? Dongpo Yi Zhuan holds that one should "live in accordance with life", live in peace, be calm, be born into distress, and keep the movement of life going on. Su Shi also put forward the connotation of "ideal life personality": born with responsibility, people should shoulder the responsibility to the society and the times in which they live; Only by taking different actions according to different circumstances can we succeed; be honest with others, and sincere friends can build an unbreakable friendship. There is a lot of practical significance to the study of life thought in Dongpo Yi Zhuan. In theory, we should learn from it. Inheriting and carrying forward Su Shi's spirit of keeping an independent personality, thinking freely and actively carrying out theoretical innovation in adverse circumstances, and daring to challenge authority and stereotypes, To the life of modern people, we should face the good fortune and take it calmly; keep the life positive and upward; seize the opportunity and judge the situation; and raise our talents and improve ourselves. Reduce the pursuit of material desire and external honor and disgrace to people, open up a broad spiritual space.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：曲阜師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2016
【分類號(hào)】：B244.99

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