本文關鍵詞： 荀子 群居和一 政治哲學 人性論 圣王制禮 維齊非齊 理論局限 當代意義　出處：《東南大學》2016年博士論文　論文類型：學位論文

【摘要】：荀子是先秦儒家思想的集大成者,其在吸收其他各家學派思想的基礎上,對儒家思想進行了進一步地完善與發(fā)展,在一定程度上實現(xiàn)了儒家由"內圣"到"外王"的轉化。這種轉化主要體現(xiàn)在荀子一系列的政治思想中,其實,通過考查我們可以發(fā)現(xiàn),荀子所提出的一系列政治思想并非一種即興任意的堆砌,而是具有內在的邏輯和深層次的理論根基,也可以這樣說,荀子在某種程度上構建起了一套獨特的政治哲學體系,他一系列的政治思想都是依托于這一思想體系的。既然荀子政治哲學具有自己的理論體系,那么我們首先就要考查的是,荀子政治哲學所要達到的最終目標是什么,或者說其關注的焦點在哪里。通過對《荀子》文本的認真考查,我們不難得出如此論斷:荀子政治哲學的終極目標是實現(xiàn)一種"群居和一"的社會秩序,也就是說"群居和一"才是荀子關注的焦點所在。因此,我們圍繞"群居和一"這一中心來對荀子政治哲學進行研究,無疑更有利于深入理解荀子政治哲學的內涵,從而把握荀子政治哲學的全貌。荀子生活在戰(zhàn)爭頻繁的戰(zhàn)國中后期,殘酷的戰(zhàn)爭環(huán)境使得追求一種穩(wěn)定的社會秩序顯得尤為迫切,因此荀子較之孔孟對現(xiàn)實社會給予了更多的關注,荀子直接將實現(xiàn)"群居和一"的社會秩序作為其政治哲學的終極目標,這在一定程度上與當時戰(zhàn)爭日益頻繁的社會現(xiàn)實緊密聯(lián)系在一起,如何使人類社會從紛爭走向和平成為荀子關注的焦點。荀子的人性論是其政治哲學建立的根基,他認為人類社會之所以處于一種混亂紛爭的狀態(tài),從根本上是由于"性惡",當然荀子的"性惡"并不是指人性本惡,而是認為原本質樸的人性一旦進入現(xiàn)實社會,就容易順從自身的欲望從而引發(fā)"爭則亂"的惡果,當然,由于荀子更關注于社會現(xiàn)實層面,因此就必然對人性造成的現(xiàn)實之"惡"給予了更多關注,而并非特別關注于人性原本"樸"的層面,這是荀子力主"性惡"的主要原因。進而,荀子認為化解"性惡"便成為實現(xiàn)"群居和一"社會秩序的關鍵,如何化解現(xiàn)實中的"性惡"呢?荀子認為只有通過"圣王"制定"禮義"的方式,使現(xiàn)實社會中的每一位個體遵循一種普遍的"禮",才能夠解決現(xiàn)實社會中的紛爭,從而做到"化性起偽"達到"性偽合",實現(xiàn)社會的"群居和一"。荀子認為通過"圣人制禮"來實現(xiàn)的"群居和一"的社會呈現(xiàn)出"維齊非齊"的特點,也就是社會不同階層之間是一種差異性的存在,其實這也是荀子對社會進行"禮治"的必然結果,因為"禮"的一種重要特點便是"分",通過區(qū)分不同的社會地位來確定不同的責任和義務。在荀子"維齊非齊"的社會階層中,主要存在著君、臣和民三個階層,呈現(xiàn)為"君主、民本、臣輔"的社會構成,因此荀子政治哲學中的君民關系、君臣關系便會成為我們探討的重點。荀子通過對人性的考查,基于"性惡"采取"圣人制禮"的方式,謀求實現(xiàn)一種"群居和一"的社會,這種"群居和一"的社會呈現(xiàn)為一種在階層上的"維齊非齊",這便是荀子政治哲學的概貌。然而我們的重點不僅僅在于對荀子政治哲學的客觀把握,更重要的在于認識到荀子"群居和一"政治哲學存在的理論弊端,找到其不適應當前時代發(fā)展要求的部分,從而實現(xiàn)其現(xiàn)代轉化。發(fā)現(xiàn)荀子政治哲學理論弊端以及實現(xiàn)其現(xiàn)代轉化的過程其實就是將荀子政治哲學與其他文化思潮進行交流互動的過程,當前是一個多種文化交流碰撞的時代,荀子政治哲學如果想要在現(xiàn)實中有所作為,就必須積極參與到和不同文化展開的對話之中,而不能夠固步自封。在戰(zhàn)爭頻繁的戰(zhàn)國時代,荀子"群居和一"的政治哲學為實現(xiàn)社會的良治提供了一套方案,然而隨著時代的變遷,這一理論固然需要我們加以研究借鑒,同時也明顯有其不合理之處,這就需要我們通過把握荀子政治哲學的全貌,進而認識到其理論的局限之處,發(fā)掘其當代意義,并積極促使其完成一種現(xiàn)代轉化�？傊�,通過梳理荀子"群居和一"政治哲學的理論全貌,并在與其他文化進行交流互動的過程中,摒棄荀子政治哲學的不合理之處,吸取其對當代社會發(fā)展依然有益的部分,這便是本文所要進行的主要工作。
[Abstract]:Xunzi is a master of Confucian thought, which based on the absorption of other various schools of thought, the Confucian idea of further improvement and development, to a certain extent in the Confucian "Saint" to "outside" of the transformation. This transformation is mainly reflected in a series of Xunzi's political thought, in fact through the examination, we can find that the pile of Xunzi proposed a series of political thought is not a kind of impromptu arbitrary, but has deep theoretical foundation and logic inside, that is to say, in a way Xunzi built up a unique system of political philosophy, he is a series of political thought based on this thought system. Since Xunzi's political philosophy has its own theoretical system, so we must first examine is the ultimate goal of Xunzi's political philosophy to achieve what it is, or that the Note where the focus. Through careful examination of Xunzi < > text, we can draw such a conclusion: the ultimate goal of Xunzi's political philosophy is to achieve a "social and a" social order, that is to say "and social" is Xunzi's focus. Therefore, we focus on the "social and the center of Xunzi's political philosophy research, is more conducive to in-depth understanding of the connotation of Xunzi's political philosophy, so as to grasp the political philosophy of Xunzi's picture. Xunzi lives in the war frequently in the middle and late Warring States, brutal war environment makes the pursuit of a stable social order is very urgent, so Xunzi is Kong Meng on the social reality has given more attention, Xunzi will achieve the" social and social order "as the ultimate goal of his political philosophy, which to a certain extent and time of war increasingly frequent social reality Closely together, how to make the human society from the conflict to peace has become the focus of attention. Xunzi Xunzi's theory of human nature is the foundation of his political philosophy, he believes that the human society is in a state of chaos, is fundamentally due to the "evil", as Xunzi's "evil" is not refers to the evil of human nature, but that the original plain humanity once in the real society, it is easy to its desire to lead to "fight the chaos" of the consequences, of course, because Xunzi pay more attention to the social reality, it will be bound to the people of the reality of the "evil" paid more attention, and not especially focus on human nature originally "Pu" level, this is the main reason for Xunzi's "evil". Furthermore, Xunzi believes that to resolve the "evil nature" will become the key to realize the social and social order, how to resolve the reality of the "evil" Xunzi? 涓哄彧鏈夐，

本文編號：1495427