本文關鍵詞： 顧炎武 民本 政治哲學 平等 人倫　出處：《江蘇師范大學》2017年碩士論文　論文類型：學位論文

【摘要】：顧炎武是明清之際的著名愛國學者,他通過“非器則道無所寓”的視角將“氣”作為現(xiàn)實世界的統(tǒng)一性載體,以“文行忠信”的人事來實現(xiàn)天人關系的統(tǒng)一。他的哲學尊崇人的主體性,并始終以反思自然人性和社會現(xiàn)實為出發(fā)點,充分肯定“人之有私”的正當性,為民眾政治人格的平等和自然權利的享有提供了理論支持,進而確立了為民立君的政治立場。民本的內(nèi)在需求促使他將“保民而王”作為執(zhí)政者執(zhí)政的合理性依據(jù),并在立君為民的基礎上提出了“君臣相正”的政治倫理規(guī)范和“以天下之權寄之天下之人”的制度規(guī)范來遏制他引以為禍的君主獨裁,形成了君與臣、中央與地方、朝野內(nèi)外眾治的政治體系,從而在認知價值和治國理念的層面上確保了民眾的主體性地位。顧炎武以啟蒙思想家的理性反思,助使民眾成為獨立的認識主體,消解固化的倫理綱常對人的價值的剝奪,以豪杰精神激勵民眾自覺地認知自身的社會存在價值,從而形成以“保天下”為核心的愛國主義民族精神,對國家發(fā)展和民族團結起到積極的推動作用。然而,顧炎武思想中深藏的尊君意識使其無法擺脫歷史和階級的局限性,他在認知價值、治理規(guī)范和制衡制度上的理論創(chuàng)新始終是為了維護君主治理的需要,但是其中所蘊含的恥德理念和民主性因素仍具有重要的借鑒價值,正確吸收其合理性要素有助于當前中國服務型政府的轉型,進而促使國家現(xiàn)代化文明建設實現(xiàn)繼承與發(fā)展的統(tǒng)一。
[Abstract]:Gu Yanwu is a famous patriotic scholar in the Ming and Qing dynasties. He regards Qi as the carrier of unity of the real world through the perspective of "no means without means". The unity of the relationship between man and nature is realized by the personnel of "Wen Xing Zhong Xin". His philosophy respects the subjectivity of man and always regards reflecting on natural human nature and social reality as the starting point, and fully affirms the legitimacy of "man has his own self". It provides theoretical support for the equality of the people's political personality and the enjoyment of the natural rights, and then establishes the political stand for the people to establish a monarch. The inherent demand of the people urges him to take "protect the people and the king" as the rational basis for the ruling of the people. And on the basis of setting up a monarch for the people, he put forward the political ethical norms of "monarch and minister justice" and the system norm of "the people who place the power under the world" to contain the monarch dictatorship he thought to be a disaster, and formed the monarch and minister, the central and local governments. The political system of ruling by the masses inside and outside the government and the opposition ensures the subjective position of the people on the level of cognitive value and the idea of governing the country. Gu Yanwu, with the rational reflection of the enlightening thinkers, helps the people to become an independent subject of understanding. Dissolving the depriving of human value from the established ethical principles, encouraging the people to recognize their own social existence value consciously with the heroic spirit, thus forming the patriotic national spirit with "protecting the world" as the core. It played a positive role in promoting national development and national unity. However, Gu Yanwu's deep sense of respect for the emperor made him unable to get rid of the limitations of history and class. The theoretical innovation of governance norms and checks and balances system is always in order to maintain the needs of monarch governance, but the moral concept and democratic factors contained therein still have important reference value. The correct absorption of its reasonable elements is helpful to the transformation of China's service-oriented government and thus promotes the unification of inheritance and development in the construction of national modernization civilization.
【學位授予單位】：江蘇師范大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：B249.1

【參考文獻】

相關期刊論文 前10條

1 郭敬東;;古今之變:顧炎武王道思想特點的歷史考量[J];原道;2014年01期

2 王剛;;明清早期啟蒙思想家均衡幸福觀的價值取向[J];學術交流;2014年08期

3 歐陽斐;;顧炎武人性論思想的建構邏輯及內(nèi)核[J];云夢學刊;2014年03期

4 許蘇民;;晚明西學東漸與顧炎武政治哲學之突破[J];社會科學戰(zhàn)線;2013年06期

5 王君柏;;顧炎武的風俗論與社會誠信建設[J];貴州社會科學;2013年04期

6 武道房;;明末道德人心問題與清初三大儒的哲學重建[J];中國哲學史;2012年04期

7 向世陵;;中國哲學的“本體”概念與“本體論”[J];哲學研究;2010年09期

8 董平;;顧炎武與清代學術之轉向[J];學海;2010年02期

9 姚才剛;;顧炎武的“恥德”觀與當代榮辱觀建設[J];武漢科技大學學報(社會科學版);2008年04期

10 張善平;王家芬;;“以人為本”理念對儒家民本思想的新超越[J];求實;2007年12期

相關博士學位論文 前2條

1 歐陽斐;顧炎武政治哲學研究[D];湖南師范大學;2013年

2 侯長安;公私視域下的明末政治思想研究[D];中國政法大學;2011年

相關碩士學位論文 前2條

1 吳成皓;顧炎武經(jīng)濟倫理思想淺析[D];浙江財經(jīng)大學;2013年

2 楊帆;顧炎武治理思想初探[D];蘇州大學;2009年

，

本文編號：1487216