發(fā)布時間：2018-01-28 01:58

  本文關(guān)鍵詞： 哈耶克 真?zhèn)�人主義 自生自發(fā)秩序 馬克思　出處：《河北大學》2015年碩士論文　論文類型：學位論文

【摘要】：哈耶克的個人主義思想借鑒了托馬斯·霍布斯、約翰·洛克、大衛(wèi)·休謨等人關(guān)于人性自私的理論,并將亞當·斯密的市場經(jīng)濟自由競爭理論作為理論核心。同時,哈耶克吸收了卡爾·門格爾的方法論個人主義思想和路德維�！っ兹箤ι鐣髁x計劃經(jīng)濟的批判理論,從而建立起了一整套涵蓋經(jīng)濟、政治、法律等多方面的個人主義思想理論體系。哈耶克的個人主義思想包含著真?zhèn)�人主義和自生自發(fā)秩序兩個方面的內(nèi)容。真?zhèn)�人主義理論主張把“個人”看作社會行為活動的主體,它一方面反對用社會整體的利益價值來湮沒社會個體的利益價值的社會行為;另一方面,也反對社會個體為實現(xiàn)孤立的個人訴求而進行的不受約束的利己主義或無政府主義的社會行為。自生自發(fā)秩序理論也立足于個人的本體地位,強調(diào)通過社會個體的自發(fā)行為來協(xié)調(diào)個人與個人、個人與社會之間的關(guān)系,而政府公權(quán)力的社會作用以及存在意義就在于以嚴格依照法律制度的要求來規(guī)范自身的行動為前提,當好社會個體利益的維護者和裁判員。本文從馬克思的個人觀和唯物史觀的角度出發(fā),來審視哈耶克的個人主義理論,發(fā)現(xiàn)了其個人主義理論過分強調(diào)了個人自發(fā)行為的自由和社會發(fā)展不平衡的合理性,弱化了政府公權(quán)力的約束能力,忽視了實現(xiàn)社會公平的必要性,使得他所極力倡導的個人主義理論由于缺乏真正強有力的規(guī)范和約束,難以實現(xiàn)個人的真正自由和全面的發(fā)展,終究也是一種“致命的自負”。
[Abstract]:Hayek's individualism draws on the theories of Thomas Hobbes, John Locke, David Hume, and others about human selfishness. And put Adam Smith's theory of free competition in the market economy at the heart of the theory. Hayek absorbed Calle Mengar's methodological individualism and Ludwig Mises' critical theory of socialist planning, and thus established a whole set of economic and political dimensions. Hayek's individualism includes two aspects: true individualism and spontaneous order. The theory of true individualism advocates "individual". As the subject of social behavior. On the one hand, it opposes the social behavior of annihilating the benefit value of the social individual with the benefit value of the whole society; On the other hand, it also opposes the independent self-interest or anarchism social behavior carried out by social individuals in order to realize the isolated individual demands. The theory of spontaneous order is also based on the individual Noumenon position. It emphasizes the coordination of the relationship between individual and individual and between individual and society through the spontaneous behavior of individual in society. And the social function and existence significance of the public power of the government lies in the premise of standardizing its own actions strictly in accordance with the requirements of the legal system. This paper examines Hayek's individualism theory from the perspective of Marx's personal view and historical materialism. It is found that his individualism theory overemphasizes the freedom of individual spontaneous behavior and the rationality of the imbalance of social development, weakens the restraint ability of the government's public power, and neglects the necessity of realizing social justice. Because of the lack of real strong norms and constraints, it is difficult to realize the real freedom and all-round development of the individual, and it is also a fatal conceit after all.
【學位授予單位】：河北大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：B561.59

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本文編號：1469445