本文關(guān)鍵詞：現(xiàn)象與自在之物的同一性思考　出處：《昆明理工大學(xué)》2016年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

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【摘要】：康德哲學(xué)的哲學(xué)史地位毋庸置疑。作為近代哲學(xué)的繼承者和發(fā)揚(yáng)者,他對(duì)如何使知識(shí)重新走上科學(xué)道路的問題,采取了新的思考方式,以“哥白尼式革命”的突圍實(shí)現(xiàn)了對(duì)近代哲學(xué)的一次超越。作為康德先驗(yàn)哲學(xué)的邏輯基礎(chǔ)和前提,現(xiàn)象與自在之物的主客二元?jiǎng)澐殖蔀檎_把握康德哲學(xué)的關(guān)鍵。哲學(xué)上的主客二元?jiǎng)澐纸?jīng)歷了多個(gè)時(shí)期,從古希臘時(shí)期普羅泰戈拉的“人是萬(wàn)物尺度”開始于內(nèi)部自我找尋哲學(xué)方向,到柏拉圖的“理念論”首次明確主客二元世界劃分,再到近代哲學(xué)通過對(duì)主客二元世界的理性闡釋從而將認(rèn)識(shí)論推到這一時(shí)期的哲學(xué)討論中心,而洛克等對(duì)此問題的爭(zhēng)辯衍生出了獨(dú)斷論和懷疑論,成為之后康德對(duì)以往形而上學(xué)批判的切入口�？档峦ㄟ^“哥白尼式革命”對(duì)以往形而上學(xué)做出重新考量,轉(zhuǎn)變之前的主客觀契合模式,提出“人為自然立法”、對(duì)象符合知識(shí)的認(rèn)識(shí)模式。他提出了現(xiàn)象與自在之物的概念,這一概念的首要任務(wù)就是限制人們認(rèn)識(shí)可能的邊界。在對(duì)現(xiàn)象與自在之物的主流解讀上,我們通常也關(guān)注于知性概念的經(jīng)驗(yàn)運(yùn)用、本體與現(xiàn)象以及本體與先驗(yàn)對(duì)象的區(qū)分,同時(shí)發(fā)現(xiàn)兩者的區(qū)別與同一性糾纏在一起,這種同一可以簡(jiǎn)單理解為來自同一對(duì)象的非同一的客體描述及本身。雖然康德文本中有個(gè)別字句表示了同一的可能性,但現(xiàn)象與自在之物有著不同的時(shí)間和空間特性,在時(shí)空性上有著根本的不同。真正把現(xiàn)象與自在之物區(qū)分開來的就是主觀的時(shí)間空間形式。其次,康德理論中實(shí)體概念能否作為中介,用來對(duì)比現(xiàn)象與自在之物的同一性,這一問題有待考察。最后,自在之物是現(xiàn)象的原因與因果性不適用于自在之物的矛盾成為了對(duì)現(xiàn)象與自在之物同一性的致命一擊�？档赂嗟氖钦J(rèn)為思想與本體或者終極存在的一致性,而不是諸對(duì)象的一致性,并且相比于個(gè)體的終極存在,我們更應(yīng)該運(yùn)用道德理性相信精神的終極存在。在主流解讀的基礎(chǔ)上對(duì)現(xiàn)象與自在之物的思考,可以更加明確康德哲學(xué)的意義。
[Abstract]:Kant's philosophy of history of philosophy. As there is no doubt the status and develop modern philosophy's successor, his knowledge on how to re embark on the road of science problem, adopt new ways of thinking, to achieve a transcendence of modern philosophy to "breakthrough Copernicus revolution". As the logic basis and premise of Kant transcendental philosophy, and two yuan division between phenomenon and thing in itself has become the key to grasp the philosophy of Kant. And two yuan is divided on the philosophy of experienced multi period, Plo Tiger La period of ancient Greece "all is scale" started in the internal self seeking philosophy direction, to Platon's "theory of idea" for the first time explicitly subjective two yuan for the division of the world, then to the modern philosophy through the rational interpretation of the subject and object of the two yuan of the world which will be pushed to the epistemology of this period of philosophical discussion center, and Rock this argument Yan Give birth to dogmatism and skepticism, after becoming Kant's critique of metaphysics of the previous entry point. Kant through the "Copernicus revolution" to make a reconsideration of the traditional metaphysics, change the subjective and objective combination mode, put forward "human nature legislation", in line with the knowledge object model. He put forward the concept of the phenomenon and thing in itself. The primary task of this concept is to limit people's understanding of the possible boundary. In the interpretation of mainstream phenomenon and thing in itself, we usually use experience also focused on understanding concepts, the distinction between noumenon and phenomenon and noumenon and transcendental object, also found that the difference between the two entangled with the same sex together. The same can be simply understood as from the same object with a non object description and itself. Although there are individual words in the texts of Kant said the possibility of the same, but the phenomenon of self There are different characteristics in time and space objects are fundamentally different in time and space. Really distinguish between phenomenon and thing in itself is the subjective time and space form. Secondly, the concept of Kant's theory in entity can be used as intermediary, the same to comparison between phenomenon and thing in itself, this the problem to be investigated. Finally, the thing in itself is contradictory reasons and causal phenomenon is not suitable for the thing in itself has become the phenomenon and thing in itself as a fatal blow. Kant is more consistent with the idea that the body or the ultimate existence, and consistency is not the object of the ultimate existence and compared to the individual, we should use the ultimate existence of moral rational spirit. Based on that the mainstream interpretation on the phenomenon and thing in itself can be more clear thinking, the significance of Kant's philosophy.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：昆明理工大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2016
【分類號(hào)】：B516.31

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