CaMKⅡγ在慢性粒細(xì)胞白血病急變中的作用和機(jī)制研究
發(fā)布時(shí)間:2019-05-19 14:54
【摘要】:研究背景慢性粒細(xì)胞白血病(Chronic Myeloid Leukemia, CML),是由BCR-ABL融合基因引起的造血干細(xì)胞疾病。所有的慢粒均具有Ph染色體,即特異性的t(9;22)(q34;q11)核型。BCR-ABL融合基因編碼的p210BCR-ABL蛋白具有極強(qiáng)的酪氨酸激酶活性,它將使一系列信號(hào)蛋白發(fā)生持續(xù)性磷酸化,影響細(xì)胞的增殖分化、凋亡及黏附,導(dǎo)致慢粒的發(fā)生。因此,BCR-ABL融合基因被認(rèn)為是慢粒發(fā)病的分子基礎(chǔ),也是慢粒診斷、療效觀察、預(yù)后等的監(jiān)測(cè)指標(biāo)。慢性粒細(xì)胞白血病根據(jù)臨床特征和實(shí)驗(yàn)室檢查可分為三個(gè)階段:慢性期,加速期和急變期,急變期是慢性粒細(xì)胞白血病進(jìn)程的最后階段,其表現(xiàn)類似急性白血病,進(jìn)展迅速、生存期較短。目前的觀點(diǎn)認(rèn)為,BCR-ABL融合基因在慢粒的啟動(dòng)過程中起著重要作用,而后續(xù)繼發(fā)性分子和遺傳學(xué)異常可能導(dǎo)致CML急變期的進(jìn)展。然而慢粒急變期進(jìn)展的確切分子機(jī)制迄今仍不十分清楚,因此鑒定出控制慢粒從慢性期向急變期轉(zhuǎn)變的分子開關(guān)顯得尤為重要。以往系列研究已經(jīng)表明,慢性粒細(xì)胞白血病從慢性期到急變期的進(jìn)展需要大量白血病干細(xì)胞(Leukemia stem cells, LSCs)的自我復(fù)制,但有關(guān)慢性粒細(xì)胞白血病急變的關(guān)鍵驅(qū)動(dòng)因子目前依然未知。我們以往的研究證實(shí),鈣調(diào)蛋白依賴性激酶Ⅱγ(CaMKⅡγ),是小檗胺清除伊馬替尼耐藥的慢性粒細(xì)胞白血病干細(xì)胞的一個(gè)關(guān)鍵靶分子,它在白血病細(xì)胞增殖中的多個(gè)信號(hào)通路起了關(guān)鍵調(diào)節(jié)作用。這一新的發(fā)現(xiàn)提示我們CaMKⅡγ可能參與了慢粒急變的分子機(jī)制。研究內(nèi)容與結(jié)果1.CaMKⅡγ在慢粒急變和白血病干細(xì)胞的自我更新中的作用為了確定CaMKⅡγ是否在CML急變的發(fā)展中起作用,我們首先關(guān)注了CaMKⅡγ缺失對(duì)BCR-ABL誘導(dǎo)的小鼠CML模型的影響。CaMKⅡγ/-CML小鼠的外周血白細(xì)胞數(shù)量較WT組低得多,其存活時(shí)間顯著延長。這一結(jié)果表明,CaMKⅡγ基因缺失會(huì)顯著抑制CML進(jìn)展,改善CML小鼠的存活。白血病干細(xì)胞在維持CML急變的關(guān)鍵作用促使我們研究CaMKⅡγ對(duì)CML的LSCs在體內(nèi)作用的效果。我們檢測(cè)了移植25天后CML小鼠骨髓和脾臟中CML LSC和正常造血干細(xì)胞的數(shù)量。流式細(xì)胞儀檢測(cè)數(shù)據(jù)顯示,CaMKⅡγ缺失組骨髓和臆臟中的LSC水平降低了21.5倍和5.1倍,但對(duì)正常HSC的影響不大。這些結(jié)果表明,CaMKⅡγ對(duì)LSCs的自我更新和復(fù)制是必需的。2.CaMKⅡγ在人慢粒白血病細(xì)胞克隆和CD34陽性細(xì)胞增殖中的作用為了確定CaMKⅡγ在人慢性粒細(xì)胞白血病細(xì)胞克隆形成中的作用,我們下調(diào)了人慢性粒細(xì)胞白血病急變細(xì)胞系K562細(xì)胞CaMKⅡγ的表達(dá),結(jié)果顯示,CaMKⅡγ特異性shRNA明顯抑制了K562細(xì)胞的克隆形成能力。同時(shí),CaMKⅡγ過表達(dá)導(dǎo)致的細(xì)胞克隆比對(duì)照組要大,白血病細(xì)胞有絲分裂的數(shù)目也比對(duì)照組顯著增加。這些結(jié)果意味著,CaMKⅡγ可以通過促進(jìn)白血病干細(xì)胞的自我更新來增強(qiáng)白血病細(xì)胞的集落形成能力。為了驗(yàn)證這一假設(shè),我們接下來關(guān)注了CaMKⅡγ對(duì)K562細(xì)胞CD34表達(dá)水平的影響,結(jié)果顯示,CaMKⅡγ的過表達(dá)顯著增加了K562細(xì)胞CD34+細(xì)胞的數(shù)量,而下調(diào)CaMKⅡγ后,K562細(xì)胞CD34+細(xì)胞的數(shù)量減少,這表明CaMKⅡγ在白血病細(xì)胞的集落形成能力和CD34+細(xì)胞的自我復(fù)制中具有重要作用。3.CaMKⅡγ的異常激活與腫瘤的生長、進(jìn)展和總生存率有關(guān)為了評(píng)估CaMKⅡγ在體內(nèi)是否促進(jìn)人類慢性粒細(xì)胞白血病的進(jìn)展,我們構(gòu)建了兩種人慢粒急變異種移植瘤動(dòng)物模型,一種是使用CaMKⅡγ高表達(dá)(K562/ ADR)構(gòu)建的,另外一種是用CaMKⅡγ低表達(dá)(K562)所構(gòu)建,然后比較了荷瘤老鼠腫瘤的生長和腫瘤的生存率。與體外實(shí)驗(yàn)觀察一致,我們觀察到,CaMKⅡγ高表達(dá)組顯示出較高的腫瘤生長速率和更快的體重下降程度。另外,CaMKⅡγ表高達(dá)組的荷瘤小鼠組生存期顯著縮短。這些結(jié)果表明CaMKⅡγ可能促進(jìn)CML急變的進(jìn)展。為了進(jìn)一步驗(yàn)證在CML原代樣本中的表達(dá),我們接下來檢測(cè)了CaMKⅡγ是否在人慢性粒細(xì)胞白血病的進(jìn)展過程中異常活化。我們使用免疫印跡法檢測(cè)了15個(gè)慢性期(CP),12個(gè)加速期(AP)和19個(gè)急變期(BC)原代樣本中磷酸化CaMKⅡγ的表達(dá),結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn):在慢性粒細(xì)胞白血病急變期和加速期磷酸化CaMKⅡγ異常高表達(dá),但在慢性期表達(dá)量低或不表達(dá)。為了確定CaMKⅡγ在CML急變中的異;罨欠衽cCML的LSCs相關(guān)聯(lián),我們還同時(shí)檢測(cè)了一個(gè)公認(rèn)的CML LSC自我更新中關(guān)鍵的調(diào)節(jié)分子β-catenin的表達(dá)水平。結(jié)果表明,CaMKⅡγ的表達(dá)與慢性粒細(xì)胞白血病患者樣本中β-catenin的水平呈正相關(guān),這表明CaMK Ⅱγ可能在β-catenin介導(dǎo)的LSC自我更新中發(fā)揮了重要作用。因此,高度活化的CaMKⅡγ的確參與CML慢性期到加速和急變期的進(jìn)程。4.CaMKⅡγ通過降低細(xì)胞核p27kip1的表達(dá)導(dǎo)致慢粒急變?yōu)榱岁U明CaMKⅡγ導(dǎo)致慢粒急變的分子機(jī)制,我們接下來檢測(cè)CaMKⅡγ表達(dá)是否對(duì)細(xì)胞周期蛋白依賴性激酶(CDK)抑制劑p27Kip1(p27蛋白)發(fā)生作用,p27在維持干細(xì)胞靜止中是個(gè)關(guān)鍵的制動(dòng)分子。結(jié)果表明,CaMKⅡγ的過表達(dá)顯著增強(qiáng)了磷酸化p27(T187)蛋白水平,并降低細(xì)胞核p27的積聚。在293-T細(xì)胞轉(zhuǎn)染了EGFP-CaMKⅡγ質(zhì)粒后也觀察到了類似的結(jié)果。這些數(shù)據(jù)表明,CaMKⅡγ通過磷酸化的p27,反過來通過蛋白酶體依賴性降解降低細(xì)胞核p27蛋白的表達(dá)。為了獲得生化證據(jù),我們進(jìn)行了免疫共沉淀實(shí)驗(yàn)。從K562細(xì)胞分離的總蛋白,分別用flag-CaMKⅡγ抗體或磷酸化的p27抗體進(jìn)行免疫共沉淀,通過SDS-PAGE,并用與對(duì)p27的抗體或標(biāo)記抗體或CaMKⅡγ抗體進(jìn)行Western印跡法分析。正向反向結(jié)果均證實(shí),p27蛋白和CaMKⅡγ蛋白都存在于免疫沉淀復(fù)合物中。為了驗(yàn)證這些結(jié)果,我們關(guān)注了CaMKⅡγ過表達(dá)對(duì)靜止期細(xì)胞的影響。結(jié)果顯示,CaMKⅡγ過表達(dá)增加了有絲分裂期的細(xì)胞,靜止細(xì)胞(Go/G1期)從43.9%減少到36.1%,而增殖期細(xì)胞(S+G2/M)從52.7%增加至62.2%,表明CaMKⅡγ可以通過終止p27介導(dǎo)的細(xì)胞靜息期,使白血病細(xì)胞進(jìn)入增殖期。為了進(jìn)一步證實(shí)CaMKⅡγ在白血病細(xì)胞中的作用,我們分析了該激酶的亞細(xì)胞定位,并發(fā)現(xiàn)CaMKⅡγ蛋白在細(xì)胞周期的不同階段中的表達(dá)水平是不同的。CaMKⅡγ存在于休眠細(xì)胞(G0期),但一旦細(xì)胞進(jìn)入增殖狀態(tài),CaMKⅡγ蛋白表達(dá)水平顯著增加,高峰出現(xiàn)在早期的S/G2期細(xì)胞,然后下降。這些結(jié)果表明,CaMKⅡγ可能在兩個(gè)細(xì)胞周期Go-G1和S-G2/M起促進(jìn)作用,這表明,CaMKⅡγ在促進(jìn)CML細(xì)胞的生長過程中發(fā)揮重要作用?傊,我們已經(jīng)確定CaMKⅡγ在慢粒急變中的重要作用。在我們的研究結(jié)果的基礎(chǔ)上,我們推斷,慢性粒細(xì)胞白血病是由BCR-ABL融合基因?qū)е?但從慢性期為急變期可能通過CaMKⅡγ的異常活化促進(jìn)白血病干細(xì)胞的自我更新和復(fù)制來實(shí)現(xiàn)的。此外,CaMKⅡγ通過磷酸化p27蛋白(T187),降低了細(xì)胞核p27的表達(dá)水平,并重新激活休眠期的白血病干細(xì)胞。因此,CML急變需要CaMKⅡγ的異;罨。針對(duì)CaMKⅡγ可能代表了一種新的診斷和治療CML的方法。結(jié)論1.CaMKⅡγ的異;罨龠M(jìn)了白血病干細(xì)胞的自我更新與復(fù)制,在慢性粒細(xì)胞白血病從慢性期到急變期中發(fā)揮重要作用。2.CaMKⅡγ通過磷酸化p27,降低細(xì)胞核p27的表達(dá)水平,重新激活休眠期的白血病干細(xì)胞。3.CaMKⅡγ通過促進(jìn)細(xì)胞周期的G0-G1期和S-G2/M期過渡來促進(jìn)慢粒細(xì)胞生長。4.CaMKⅡγ可能成為一種診斷和治療慢性粒細(xì)胞白血病的新靶點(diǎn)。
[Abstract]:Background Chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) is a hematopoietic stem cell disease caused by BCR-ABL fusion gene. All the slow particles have the Ph chromosome, that is, the specific t (9;22) (q34; q11) karyotype. The p210BCR-ABL protein encoded by the BCR-ABL fusion gene has strong tyrosine kinase activity, which will cause persistent phosphorylation of a series of signal proteins, which can affect the proliferation and differentiation, apoptosis and adhesion of the cells, and lead to the occurrence of slow particles. Therefore, the BCR-ABL fusion gene is thought to be the molecular basis of the pathogenesis of slow-grain, and it is the monitoring index of slow-grain diagnosis, curative effect observation and prognosis. Chronic myeloid leukemia can be divided into three stages according to the clinical features and laboratory tests: the chronic stage, the acceleration phase and the acute phase, and the acute stage is the last stage of the chronic granulocytic leukemia process, which is similar to the acute leukemia, the progress is rapid, and the survival time is short. The present point of view is that the BCR-ABL fusion gene plays an important role in the initiation of CML, and the follow-up secondary and genetic abnormalities may lead to the progress of the acute phase of CML. However, the exact molecular mechanism of the progress of the slow-grain phase transition is still not clear so far, so it is very important to identify the molecular switches that control the transition of the slow-grain from the chronic stage to the acute stage. The past series of studies have shown that the progression of chronic myeloid leukemia from chronic to acute phase requires self-replication of a large number of leukemia stem cells (LSCs), but the key drivers of the acute change in chronic myeloid leukemia are still unknown. Our previous studies have confirmed that calmodulin-dependent kinase II (CaMK鈪,
本文編號(hào):2480818
[Abstract]:Background Chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) is a hematopoietic stem cell disease caused by BCR-ABL fusion gene. All the slow particles have the Ph chromosome, that is, the specific t (9;22) (q34; q11) karyotype. The p210BCR-ABL protein encoded by the BCR-ABL fusion gene has strong tyrosine kinase activity, which will cause persistent phosphorylation of a series of signal proteins, which can affect the proliferation and differentiation, apoptosis and adhesion of the cells, and lead to the occurrence of slow particles. Therefore, the BCR-ABL fusion gene is thought to be the molecular basis of the pathogenesis of slow-grain, and it is the monitoring index of slow-grain diagnosis, curative effect observation and prognosis. Chronic myeloid leukemia can be divided into three stages according to the clinical features and laboratory tests: the chronic stage, the acceleration phase and the acute phase, and the acute stage is the last stage of the chronic granulocytic leukemia process, which is similar to the acute leukemia, the progress is rapid, and the survival time is short. The present point of view is that the BCR-ABL fusion gene plays an important role in the initiation of CML, and the follow-up secondary and genetic abnormalities may lead to the progress of the acute phase of CML. However, the exact molecular mechanism of the progress of the slow-grain phase transition is still not clear so far, so it is very important to identify the molecular switches that control the transition of the slow-grain from the chronic stage to the acute stage. The past series of studies have shown that the progression of chronic myeloid leukemia from chronic to acute phase requires self-replication of a large number of leukemia stem cells (LSCs), but the key drivers of the acute change in chronic myeloid leukemia are still unknown. Our previous studies have confirmed that calmodulin-dependent kinase II (CaMK鈪,
本文編號(hào):2480818
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