【摘要】：免疫治療是目前一種新型的腫瘤治療手段,通過(guò)引入并增強(qiáng)功能性的抗原特異性免疫反應(yīng),來(lái)實(shí)現(xiàn)對(duì)腫瘤細(xì)胞長(zhǎng)期持續(xù)的免疫記憶、預(yù)防和殺傷。與傳統(tǒng)化療相比,腫瘤免疫治療毒副作用較輕,可獲得較好的臨床治療效果。免疫治療從最初的抗原疫苗類(lèi),發(fā)展到目前以嵌合抗原受體T淋巴細(xì)胞(CAR-T)為代表的過(guò)繼免疫細(xì)胞治療,治療效果不斷提高。但與此同時(shí),多種免疫治療手段尚存在一定問(wèn)題:治療性蛋白、核酸等自身靶向性差,在體內(nèi)向靶點(diǎn)呈遞過(guò)程遇到降解、物理屏障等,及自身免疫原性引起的潛在毒性,均有待進(jìn)一步完善。將多樣化生物醫(yī)用材料應(yīng)用于免疫治療中,即應(yīng)用載體運(yùn)輸?shù)鞍�、核酸有助于解決以上問(wèn)題。目前,載體在腫瘤免疫治療中包含以下幾個(gè)功能:(1)減少治療性藥物如蛋白質(zhì)和核酸的降解;(2)提高靶向性;(3)協(xié)助跨物理屏障;(4)減少全身副作用;(5)實(shí)現(xiàn)持續(xù)性釋放。本文沿腫瘤免疫治療發(fā)展進(jìn)程,綜述多樣化的新型生物醫(yī)用材料載體在腫瘤免疫治療中的特殊作用和最新進(jìn)展,并指出其存在的不足和可能面對(duì)的挑戰(zhàn)。
[Abstract]:Immunotherapy is a new method of tumor therapy at present. By introducing and enhancing the functional antigen-specific immune response, we can realize long-term sustained immune memory, prevention and killing of tumor cells. Compared with traditional chemotherapy, tumor immunotherapy has less toxicity and side effects. Immunotherapy has been developed from the original antigen vaccine to adoptive immunotherapy represented by chimeric antigen receptor T lymphocytes (CAR-T). But at the same time, there are still some problems in many immunotherapeutic methods, such as poor self-targeting of therapeutic protein and nucleic acid, potential toxicity caused by autoimmunogenicity and degradation, physical barrier, etc., in the course of presenting to the target in vivo. All need to be further improved. The application of a variety of biomedical materials in immunotherapy, that is, carrier transport protein, can help solve the above problems. At present, the vector contains the following functions in tumor immunotherapy: (1) reducing degradation of therapeutic drugs such as protein and nucleic acid; (2) improving targeting; (3) assisting the transphysical barrier; (4) reducing systemic side effects; and (5) achieving sustained release. This paper reviews the special role and recent progress of novel biomedical material carriers in tumor immunotherapy, and points out the shortcomings and challenges they may face.
【作者單位】： 天津大學(xué)材料科學(xué)與工程學(xué)院天津市材料復(fù)合與功能化重點(diǎn)實(shí)驗(yàn)室;
【基金】：國(guó)家自然科學(xué)基金項(xiàng)目(No.51473119)資助~~
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：R730.51

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本文編號(hào)：2194206