本文選題：宣威 + 肺腫瘤　； 參考：《中國肺癌雜志》2017年08期

【摘要】：背景與目的自1970年代至今,云南省宣威市始終是我國肺癌高發(fā)地區(qū)之一,且其女性高發(fā)、地區(qū)聚集性高發(fā)的特征未發(fā)生過改變。本研究目的在于進一步關注宣威市普通居民肺癌高發(fā)危險因素暴露的變化情況,以預測未來肺癌分布特征。方法根據(jù)2010年-2012年肺癌死亡率將宣威市26個鄉(xiāng)鎮(zhèn)劃分為高、中、低發(fā)區(qū)后,根據(jù)地形和方位選取6個鄉(xiāng)鎮(zhèn)(高中低發(fā)區(qū)各2個),并從每個鄉(xiāng)鎮(zhèn)中隨機抽取4個行政村作為調查點。對調查點中居民樣本人群進行肺癌危險因素面對面調查。計算高、中、低發(fā)區(qū)人群危險因素暴露率,以及性別、年齡別亞組人群暴露率,其中生活環(huán)境方面危險因素計算現(xiàn)在和十年前。采用標化率和標化率比較的統(tǒng)計學檢驗或卡方檢驗,比較區(qū)域間或兩時間點暴露水平的高低。結果研究地區(qū)65%-80%的男性有吸煙史,60%-90%的從未吸煙者有二手煙暴露史。煙草使用和二手煙暴露均是在肺癌高、中發(fā)區(qū)明顯嚴重于低發(fā)區(qū)。中發(fā)區(qū)50%的男性有煤礦工作經歷,是高、低發(fā)區(qū)的2倍;而高發(fā)區(qū)15%-25%的人有其他職業(yè)煙塵暴露史,是中、低發(fā)區(qū)的3倍-5倍。從十年前到現(xiàn)在,中發(fā)區(qū)都有近80%的家庭每年使用2噸或更多煙煤,有超90%的家庭使用燃煤取暖,有60%多的家庭做飯時廚房油煙多,有60%的家庭日常最常使用有煙囪地爐。高發(fā)區(qū)目前倒只有20%的家庭大量使用煙煤。整個研究地區(qū)50%-75%的家庭每年使用700度或更多電,比十年前用電量大增。低發(fā)區(qū)80%的人經常吃高油脂或腌制熏制食品,高、中發(fā)區(qū)為50%-60%。結論從本次調查數(shù)據(jù)來看,目前煙煤使用情況的分布與肺癌高中低發(fā)區(qū)的分布已不一致。煙草流行包括二手煙暴露,煙煤使用,職業(yè)暴露可能是當前宣威肺癌仍舊高發(fā)的原因。爐灶類型、飲食習慣等危險因素與宣威肺癌間的相關性值得進一步研究。
[Abstract]:Background & objective since 1970's, Xuanwei City, Yunnan Province has always been one of the high incidence areas of lung cancer in China, and its female incidence is high, and the characteristics of high incidence of regional aggregation have not changed. The purpose of this study was to study the changes of high risk factors of lung cancer in Xuanwei, and to predict the distribution of lung cancer in the future. Methods according to the mortality rate of lung cancer from 2010 to 2012, 26 townships in Xuanwei were divided into high, middle and low incidence areas. According to the terrain and location, 6 villages were selected (2 in each high school and low incidence area), and 4 administrative villages were randomly selected from each township as investigation points. Face-to-face investigation of lung cancer risk factors was carried out among residents in the survey site. The population exposure rates of high, middle and low risk areas, as well as sex and age subgroups, were calculated now and 10 years ago. Statistical test or chi-square test were used to compare the level of exposure between regions or at two time points. Results 65-80% of the men in the study area had a history of smoking. 60-90% of the men who had never smoked had a history of exposure to secondhand smoke. Tobacco use and secondhand smoke exposure were higher in lung cancer and more serious in middle-onset areas than in low-risk areas. 50% of the men in the middle incidence area had coal mine work experience, which was twice as high as that in the low incidence area, while between 15% and 25% of the men in the high incidence area had a history of exposure to other occupational smoke dust, which was 3 to 5 times higher than that in the middle and low incidence area. From ten years ago to now, nearly 80% of households in the middle developed area use 2 tons or more of bituminous coal annually, over 90% use coal for heating, more than 60% use cooking smoke in the kitchen, and 60% use chimney stoves most often. At present, only 20% of households in high incidence areas use bituminous coal. Between 50 and 75 percent of households in the study area use 700 or more degrees of electricity a year, up from a decade ago. 80% of the people in the low-risk area often ate high fat or pickled smoked food. Conclusion according to the survey data, the distribution of bituminous coal use is not consistent with the distribution of high and low incidence areas of lung cancer. Tobacco epidemics, including secondhand smoke exposure, bituminous coal use, and occupational exposure, may be the cause of the current high incidence of lung cancer in Xuanwei. The correlation between the types of stoves, eating habits and Xuan Wei lung cancer deserves further study.
【作者單位】： 中國醫(yī)學科學院基礎醫(yī)學研究所暨北京協(xié)和醫(yī)學院基礎學院;云南省宣威市疾病預防控制中心;
【分類號】：R734.2

【相似文獻】

相關期刊論文 前1條

1 鄭丹;;中國“癌癥地圖”解析[J];決策與信息;2010年04期

，

本文編號：1980714