本文選題：乳腺癌　切入點(diǎn)：女性　出處：《吉林大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：研究背景:乳腺癌是女性最常見的惡性腫瘤,每年新發(fā)確診的癌癥中超過1/10是乳腺癌,僅次于肺癌,是世界范圍內(nèi)第5大癌癥死因,對女性的生命健康產(chǎn)生嚴(yán)重的威脅。近年來,我國乳腺癌的發(fā)病率及病死率逐年增加,并呈現(xiàn)年輕化。通過了解乳腺癌發(fā)病的危險(xiǎn)因素,可開展疾病的三級預(yù)防,是疾病防治的關(guān)鍵步驟。通過探究分析與乳腺癌相關(guān)的各種因素,尋找乳腺癌發(fā)病的危險(xiǎn)因素,可有效建立乳腺癌風(fēng)險(xiǎn)評估模型,篩選乳腺癌的高危人群,可有效及早地實(shí)施干預(yù)防治措施,控制乳腺癌的流行趨勢,降低乳腺癌患病率,減輕經(jīng)濟(jì)負(fù)擔(dān)。目前國內(nèi)外學(xué)者對乳腺癌危險(xiǎn)因素進(jìn)行大量研究,但是關(guān)于乳腺癌的病因尚未明確。國外已經(jīng)建立多個(gè)乳腺癌的危險(xiǎn)度評估模型:Clause模型、Cuzick-Tyrer模型、Gail模型及BRCAPRO模型。因?yàn)槿橄侔┑奈ｋU(xiǎn)因素與種族、地域等其他因素有關(guān),所以這些模型并不是完全適用于我國情況。在歐美等國家中,由于評估模型篩選乳腺癌高危人群工作的開展,乳腺癌的發(fā)病率及病死率明顯下降。因此,在我國探究乳腺癌危險(xiǎn)因素,建立有效的乳腺癌評估工具篩選高危人群,制定有效的防治措施是十分必要的。目的:1、本研究通過探究吉林省地區(qū)乳腺癌發(fā)病相關(guān)因素,并分析因素之間的相互關(guān)系,為建立乳腺癌發(fā)病危險(xiǎn)評估模型提供線索和理論基礎(chǔ)。為探究乳腺癌的病因及制定有效的篩查措施提供科學(xué)依據(jù),達(dá)到改善女性健康,有效地防治乳腺癌及控制乳腺癌流行趨勢的目的。2、探究吉林省地區(qū)女性乳腺癌相關(guān)知識認(rèn)知度及影響因素,提高女性對乳腺癌的重視程度,進(jìn)而提高乳腺癌的早期發(fā)現(xiàn)率。資料與方法:收集2015年6月-2017年1月就診于吉林大學(xué)中日聯(lián)誼醫(yī)院乳腺外科門診的患者540例,其中乳腺癌患276例,非乳腺癌患者264例。調(diào)查由經(jīng)統(tǒng)一培訓(xùn)的研究生采用問卷方式對調(diào)查對象一對一進(jìn)行。調(diào)查內(nèi)容主要包括一般情況、月經(jīng)及生育史、家族史、生活飲食習(xí)慣、社會(huì)心理因素、乳腺癌患者病史情況及乳腺癌認(rèn)知情況等。利用SPSS23.0版統(tǒng)計(jì)軟件進(jìn)行數(shù)據(jù)分析,比較各因素在實(shí)驗(yàn)組和對照組的差異比較,p0.05有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義,篩選乳腺癌主要危險(xiǎn)因素及乳腺癌相關(guān)知識認(rèn)知的影響因素。結(jié)果:本次研究主要探究年齡、居住地等一般情況、月經(jīng)及生育史、家族史、生活習(xí)慣及精神心理因素等方面與乳腺癌的發(fā)生發(fā)展的關(guān)系。通過單因素分析,篩選出對乳腺癌影響較大的危險(xiǎn)因素主要有文化程度(P=0.034)、婚姻狀況(P=0.006)、初潮年齡(P=0.03)、吸煙史(P=0.042)、三代親屬中患乳腺癌患者(P=0.0046)、家族惡性腫瘤病史(P=0.004)、負(fù)性生活事件(P=0.0036)、性格內(nèi)向(P=0.004)是吉林省地區(qū)女性乳腺癌主要的危險(xiǎn)因素。在對乳腺癌相關(guān)知識的認(rèn)知度研究分析發(fā)現(xiàn)吉林省地區(qū)婦女對乳腺癌的認(rèn)知不足,對于乳腺癌的早期預(yù)測方式、危險(xiǎn)因素、臨床表現(xiàn)、診斷方法及治療方法認(rèn)識不夠全面。根據(jù)乳腺癌相關(guān)知識認(rèn)知影響因素分析,發(fā)現(xiàn)年齡(P=0.001)、文化程度(P=0.000)及腫瘤家族史(P=0.005)等因素有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義。結(jié)論:本次研究表明在吉林省地區(qū)女性乳腺癌發(fā)病的危險(xiǎn)因素可能與生活習(xí)慣改變、精神心理因素以及家族遺傳有關(guān)。其次吉林省女性對乳腺癌相關(guān)知識的認(rèn)知度不足。因此,乳腺癌防治工作的重點(diǎn)是應(yīng)該開展針對生活習(xí)慣等相關(guān)危險(xiǎn)因素的健康教育和推廣,并且加大開展對年齡偏大、文化程度不高的女性的健康教育及改善乳腺癌人群篩查策略,達(dá)到控制乳腺癌流行趨勢,降低疾病負(fù)擔(dān)的目的。
[Abstract]:Background: breast cancer is the most common malignant tumors in women, the annual newly diagnosed cancer in breast cancer is more than 1/10, after lung cancer, is the fifth of the world's leading cause of cancer death, a serious threat to women's health. In recent years, the incidence and mortality of breast cancer in China increased year by year and younger. By understanding the risk factors of breast cancer in China, the three grade prevention can carry diseases, is a key step in disease prevention and treatment. Through analyzing various factors associated with breast cancer, to find out the risk factors of breast cancer in China, can effectively establish a breast cancer risk assessment model, screening of high-risk population of breast cancer. Early intervention can be effective prevention and control measures, control trend of breast cancer, reduce the risk of breast cancer, reduce the economic burden. Domestic and foreign scholars have conducted a large number of studies on the risk factors of breast cancer, but In the etiology of breast cancer is not clear. The risk assessment model established abroad multiple breast cancer: Clause model, Cuzick-Tyrer model, Gail model and BRCAPRO model. Because of the risk factors for breast cancer and related to other factors such as race, region, so the model is not applicable in China. In Europe and other countries in the evaluation model, the screening of high-risk population of breast cancer work, the incidence and mortality rate of breast cancer decreased significantly. Therefore, in our country to explore the risk factors of breast cancer, breast cancer and establish effective evaluation tool for the screening of high-risk population, it is necessary to establish an effective prevention and control measures. Objective: This study through 1. To explore the related factors of breast cancer incidence area of Jilin Province, and analyze the relationship between the factors, in order to establish the risk of breast cancer to provide clues and theoretical basis for the research of evaluation model of breast cancer. The etiology and provide scientific basis for screening effective measures, to improve women's health, effective prevention and control of breast cancer breast cancer trends to.2, to explore the factors of female breast cancer awareness in Jilin province related knowledge and influence, improve the importance of women's breast cancer, and to improve the early detection rate of breast cancer. Methods: from June 2015 January -2017 year in the outpatient department of breast surgery, China Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University in 540 patients, including 276 cases of breast cancer patients, 264 patients with non breast cancer research. The trained survey questionnaire to survey one. The investigation included general situation, family the history of menstrual and reproductive history, eating habits, life, social and psychological factors in patients with a history of breast cancer, and breast cancer awareness. The use of SPSS23.0 statistical software version number According to the analysis, comparison of various factors in the differences between the experimental group and the control group, there was statistical significance in P0.05, the main factors affecting the selection of risk factors of breast cancer and breast cancer related knowledge. Results: This study is mainly to explore the age, residence and other general situation, menstruation and birth history, family history, life habits and psychological factors such as the occurrence and development of breast cancer. The relationship between the single factor analysis, identified factors greater impact on breast cancer are the main cultural level (P=0.034), marital status (P=0.006), the age of menarche (P= 0.03), smoking history (P=0.042), breast cancer patients (three generations of relatives P=0.0046), family history of malignant tumor (P=0.004), negative life events (P=0.0036), introversion (P=0.004) are the main risk factors of female breast cancer in Jilin province. In the study on the awareness of knowledge related to breast cancer analysis found in Jilin Lack of province women for breast cancer awareness, clinical manifestations for early breast cancer prediction, risk factors, diagnosis and treatment methods of lack of comprehensive understanding. According to the analysis of cognitive factors related to breast cancer knowledge, age, culture degree (P=0.001) (P=0.000) and family history of cancer (P=0.005) was statistically significant other factors. Conclusion: This study shows that the change in the risk factors of female breast cancer incidence area of Jilin province and the living habits, psychological factors and family. Secondly, Jilin province women related knowledge about breast cancer awareness. Therefore, prevention and treatment of breast cancer is the focus of the work of health education and promotion should be carried out according to the lifestyle related risk factors, and to carry out large increase of age, health education and improve breast cancer screening strategies for less educated women, up to To control the trend of breast cancer epidemic and to reduce the burden of the disease.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：吉林大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：R737.9

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