本文選題：第八套廣播體操 + 心率變異性��； 參考：《山東師范大學(xué)》2012年碩士論文

【摘要】：研究目的：廣播體操作為具有中國(guó)特色的運(yùn)動(dòng)項(xiàng)目，是人們調(diào)整心態(tài)、放松神經(jīng)、陶冶情操的有效手段，對(duì)促進(jìn)廣大人民群眾的健康水平發(fā)揮了重要的作用。心率變異性（HRV）是指逐次心跳間期之間的微小差異，可用于心臟交感神經(jīng)、迷走神經(jīng)的活動(dòng)變化及其均衡性的定量評(píng)估，，是反映交感神經(jīng)和迷走神經(jīng)功能活動(dòng)及平衡狀態(tài)的一項(xiàng)無(wú)創(chuàng)性的定量指標(biāo)。本研究擬通過(guò)觀察8周第八套廣播體操鍛煉前中后心率變異性指標(biāo)的變化，探討第八套廣播體操鍛煉對(duì)自主神經(jīng)調(diào)節(jié)功能的影響規(guī)律，為廣播體操的再次推廣提供理論支持。 研究對(duì)象：采用人口統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)特征表格、PARQYOU問(wèn)卷、身體活動(dòng)指數(shù)問(wèn)卷及癥狀自評(píng)量表（SCL-90）進(jìn)行調(diào)查，并進(jìn)行HRV及心肺功能測(cè)試，篩選能勝任，無(wú)酗酒、吸煙等不良嗜好，無(wú)心臟病、呼吸系統(tǒng)疾病以及心血管疾病史，無(wú)運(yùn)動(dòng)禁忌癥的健康女大學(xué)生34名作為研究對(duì)象。向受試者詳細(xì)解釋本實(shí)驗(yàn)的目的及過(guò)程，所有受試者均書面知情同意并愿意配合完成本實(shí)驗(yàn)。所有受試者被隨機(jī)分為三組：對(duì)照組（n=12）、實(shí)驗(yàn)一組（n=11）及實(shí)驗(yàn)二組（n=11）。 研究?jī)?nèi)容：①不同體位姿勢(shì)對(duì)安靜狀態(tài)下HRV的影響；②一次廣播體操鍛煉對(duì)HRV的急性影響；③第八套廣播體操不同動(dòng)作對(duì)HRV的影響；④8周不同頻率廣播體操鍛煉對(duì)HRV的影響。 研究方法：采用文獻(xiàn)資料法、調(diào)查法、實(shí)驗(yàn)法和數(shù)理統(tǒng)計(jì)法等研究方法。⑴第八套廣播體操鍛煉處方：①鍛煉周期：8周；②運(yùn)動(dòng)方式：按照國(guó)家體育總局推廣的第八套廣播體操進(jìn)行鍛煉；③運(yùn)動(dòng)強(qiáng)度：第八套廣播體操固有節(jié)奏；④運(yùn)動(dòng)時(shí)間：實(shí)驗(yàn)一組每次連續(xù)做兩遍（運(yùn)動(dòng)約8分鐘），實(shí)驗(yàn)二組每次做連續(xù)四遍（運(yùn)動(dòng)約16分鐘）；⑤運(yùn)動(dòng)頻率：5天/周，實(shí)驗(yàn)一組兩遍/次/天，實(shí)驗(yàn)二組四遍/次/天；⑥注意事項(xiàng)：著合適服裝；實(shí)驗(yàn)正式開(kāi)始前進(jìn)行課件教學(xué)及訓(xùn)練指導(dǎo)，保證每位受試者做操標(biāo)準(zhǔn)、熟練；每次鍛煉的時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)固定。對(duì)照組實(shí)驗(yàn)期間不進(jìn)行任何相關(guān)鍛煉，按原作息規(guī)律生活。⑵指標(biāo)測(cè)試：①HRV測(cè)試：采用芬蘭博能心率表(Polar s810i)分別記錄做廣播操前、中、后即刻、后5分鐘的心率以及鍛煉開(kāi)始前、鍛煉4周后、鍛煉8周后安靜狀態(tài)下的心率，采用專門軟件（polarprecision performance SW）對(duì)5分鐘間期的心率變異性進(jìn)行時(shí)域和頻域分析。觀察指標(biāo)包括頻域指標(biāo)：LF、HF、LFnorm、HFnorm、LF/HF和時(shí)域指標(biāo)：SD、RMSSD。②肺功能指標(biāo)測(cè)試：采用德國(guó)耶格Master Screen CPX運(yùn)動(dòng)心肺功能系統(tǒng)記錄鍛煉開(kāi)始前和鍛煉8周后的肺功能指標(biāo)。③心理指標(biāo)測(cè)試：采用癥狀自評(píng)量表（SCL-90）測(cè)量鍛煉開(kāi)始前和鍛煉8周后受試者安靜狀態(tài)下的心理健康狀況。④形態(tài)機(jī)能指標(biāo)測(cè)試：采用韓國(guó)身體成分分析儀（Vivente Body CompositionAnalyzer）測(cè)量受試者鍛煉開(kāi)始前和鍛煉8周后的身體組成成分。 研究結(jié)果：①不同體位對(duì)安靜狀態(tài)HRV的影響：SD、RMSSD、LFnorm、HFnorm和LF/HF值在不同體位之間均呈現(xiàn)顯著性差異，反映迷走神經(jīng)活動(dòng)水平的RMSSD和HFnorm在站立位時(shí)最低，仰臥位時(shí)最高；而反映交感神經(jīng)活動(dòng)水平LFnorm在仰臥位時(shí)最低，站立位最高，但SD出現(xiàn)了相反的結(jié)果；反映自主神經(jīng)均衡性的LF/HF在仰臥位最低，站立位最高。②一次廣播體操鍛煉對(duì)HRV指標(biāo)的急性影響：做廣播操運(yùn)動(dòng)時(shí)時(shí)域指標(biāo)RMSSD和頻域指標(biāo)HFnorm較運(yùn)動(dòng)前呈顯著性降低，運(yùn)動(dòng)后5分鐘仍未恢復(fù)至正常水平；時(shí)域指標(biāo)SD和頻域指標(biāo)LFnorm較運(yùn)動(dòng)前呈顯著性升高，運(yùn)動(dòng)后5分鐘仍未恢復(fù)至正常水平；LF/HF運(yùn)動(dòng)中及運(yùn)動(dòng)后即刻均較運(yùn)動(dòng)前顯著增加，運(yùn)動(dòng)后5分鐘即能恢復(fù)。③8周不同頻率廣播體操鍛煉對(duì)HRV的影響：無(wú)論是實(shí)驗(yàn)一組還是實(shí)驗(yàn)二組經(jīng)過(guò)八周的廣播體操鍛煉，均可使時(shí)域指標(biāo)SD呈現(xiàn)顯著降低。④第八套廣播體操不同動(dòng)作對(duì)HRV的影響：SD指標(biāo)最低值出現(xiàn)在踢腿運(yùn)動(dòng)中，最高值出現(xiàn)在全身運(yùn)動(dòng)和跳躍運(yùn)動(dòng)中；RMSSD指標(biāo)最低值出現(xiàn)在擴(kuò)胸運(yùn)動(dòng)，踢腿運(yùn)動(dòng)，全身運(yùn)動(dòng)和跳躍運(yùn)動(dòng)中，最高值出現(xiàn)在整理運(yùn)動(dòng)中；LFnorm指標(biāo)最低值出現(xiàn)在體側(cè)運(yùn)動(dòng)，體轉(zhuǎn)運(yùn)動(dòng)和整理運(yùn)動(dòng)中，最高值出現(xiàn)在全身運(yùn)動(dòng)和跳躍運(yùn)動(dòng)中；HFnorm指標(biāo)最低值出現(xiàn)在全身運(yùn)動(dòng)和跳躍運(yùn)動(dòng)中，最高值出現(xiàn)在體側(cè)運(yùn)動(dòng)，體轉(zhuǎn)運(yùn)動(dòng)和整理運(yùn)動(dòng)中；LF/HF指標(biāo)最低值出現(xiàn)在伸展運(yùn)動(dòng)，體轉(zhuǎn)運(yùn)動(dòng)和整理運(yùn)動(dòng)中，最高值出現(xiàn)在跳躍運(yùn)動(dòng)中。⑤8周第八套廣播體操鍛煉對(duì)肺功能的影響：經(jīng)過(guò)8周的廣播體操鍛煉，無(wú)論是實(shí)驗(yàn)一組和實(shí)驗(yàn)二組，PEF、Tmax、VEmax和loadmax均呈現(xiàn)顯著性升高（P0.05或P0.01），PIF在實(shí)驗(yàn)一組中呈極顯著性升高。⑥8周第八套廣播體操鍛煉對(duì)SCL-90因子的影響：實(shí)驗(yàn)二組經(jīng)過(guò)8周的廣播體操鍛煉后，強(qiáng)迫癥狀指數(shù)、精神病性因子和總癥狀指數(shù)均呈顯著性降低（P0.05或P0.01）。結(jié)論：①第八套廣播體操不同動(dòng)作對(duì)HRV的頻域和時(shí)域指標(biāo)存在有不同的影響。②第八套廣播體操鍛煉對(duì)HRV的頻域和時(shí)域指標(biāo)均有顯著影響，表現(xiàn)為交感神經(jīng)緊張性增強(qiáng)、迷走神經(jīng)緊張性降低，其總體效應(yīng)可持續(xù)至運(yùn)動(dòng)后5分鐘。HRV時(shí)域和頻域指標(biāo)的變化時(shí)間上并非完全一致。③8周第八套廣播體操鍛煉可以顯著降低安靜狀態(tài)下心交感神經(jīng)的緊張度。④8周第八套廣播體操鍛煉可顯著改善受試者的肺功能，每天四遍鍛煉還可降低強(qiáng)迫癥狀和精神病性因子，改善心理健康水平。
[Abstract]:Research purposes: as a sport with Chinese characteristics, radio gymnastics is an effective means for people to adjust their state of mind, relax their nerves and edify their sentiments, and plays an important role in promoting the health of the masses. HRV is a small difference between the heartbeat intervals of the heart, which can be used in the heart sympathetic nerve and can be lost. The change of nerve activity and the quantitative assessment of its equilibrium are a noninvasive quantitative index reflecting the functional activity and balance of the sympathetic and vagus nerves. This study is to observe the changes of heart rate variability before and after 8 weeks of eighth sets of broadcast exercises, and to explore the regulation of autonomic nervous regulation in eighth sets of broadcast exercises. The influence rule of function provides theoretical support for broadcasting gymnastics again.
Subjects: a survey of demographics, PARQYOU, physical activity index and symptom checklist (SCL-90), and HRV and cardiopulmonary tests were conducted to screen out the ability to be competent, no alcoholism, smoking and other bad habits, no heart disease, respiratory disease, cardiovascular disease, and a healthy woman without contraindications. 34 college students were selected as the subjects. The subjects were explained in detail to the subjects. All the subjects were informed and agreed to complete the experiment. All the subjects were randomly divided into three groups: the control group (n=12), the experimental group (n=11) and the experiment two groups (n=11).
Research contents: (1) the influence of different posture on HRV in quiet state; (2) the acute influence of a broadcast exercise on HRV; (3) the effect of different movements of eighth sets of broadcast gymnasts on HRV; (4) the influence of 8 weeks of exercise on the radio gymnastic exercises on HRV.
Research methods: using the methods of literature, investigation, experimental and mathematical statistics. (1) Eighth sets of exercise prescriptions for broadcast gymnastics: (1) exercise cycle: 8 weeks; (2) exercise mode: exercise according to eighth sets of broadcast gymnasts popularized by the State General Administration of physical education; (3) exercise intensity: eighth sets of natural rhythms of broadcast gymnastics; (4) Exercise time: a group of two times (about 8 minutes of exercise) each time, the experiment two groups of two consecutive four times (exercise about 16 minutes); 5, 5 days per week, 5 days / weeks, a group of two times / times / days, two groups four times / times / day; 6. Attention: the appropriate clothing; before the formal start of the experiment courseware teaching and training guidance before the formal start of the experiment, guarantee Each subject was proved to be an exercise standard and skilled; the time and place of each exercise were fixed. The control group did not carry out any related exercises during the experimental period and live according to the regular practice. (2) index test: (1) HRV test: using the Finland natural heart rate meter (Polar S810i) to record the heart rate before, after, after, after 5 minutes, and the exercise of heart rate respectively. Before 4 weeks of exercise, heart rate in quiet state after 8 weeks of exercise was analyzed in time domain and frequency domain by special software (polarprecision performance SW). The indexes included frequency domain index: LF, HF, LFnorm, HFnorm, LF/HF, and time domain index: SD, RMSSD. 2 lung function test: German ye The Master Screen CPX exercise cardiopulmonary function system records the lung function indexes before and after 8 weeks of exercise. 3 psychological indicators test: the psychological health status of the subjects in the quiet state of the subjects before and after 8 weeks of exercise by the symptom checklist (SCL-90). 4. Morphological and mechanical index test: the analysis of Korean body composition Vivente Body CompositionAnalyzer was used to measure the body composition of subjects before and after 8 weeks of exercise.
The results were as follows: (1) the effects of different body positions on HRV in the quiet state: SD, RMSSD, LFnorm, HFnorm and LF/HF were significantly different between different positions. The RMSSD and HFnorm reflecting the level of vagal activity were the lowest in the standing position, and the highest in the supine position, while the level of the sympathetic activity level was the lowest in the supine position and the standing position. The highest, but SD appeared the opposite results; the LF/HF reflecting the autonomic nerve equilibrium was the lowest in the supine position and the highest standing position. (2) the acute effect of a broadcast exercise on the HRV index: the time domain index of the broadcasting exercise time domain and the frequency domain index HFnorm were significantly lower than that before the exercise, and 5 minutes after the exercise did not recover to the normal level. The time domain index SD and the frequency domain index LFnorm were significantly higher than those before the exercise, and still did not recover to the normal level 5 minutes after the exercise; the LF/HF movement and after exercise were significantly higher than that before the exercise, and the 5 minutes after the exercise could be restored. (3) the effect of 8 weeks at different frequencies of exercise on the HRV: whether the experiment group or the experiment two groups After eight weeks of radio gymnastic exercise, the time domain index SD can be reduced significantly. (4) the effect of different exercises of eighth sets of broadcast gymnasts on HRV: the minimum value of SD index appears in kicking movement, the highest value appears in the whole body movement and jumping movement; the lowest value of RMSSD index appears in the chest movement, kicking movement, whole body movement and jumping. The highest value of the LFnorm index appears in the body movement, the body movement and the finishing movement, the highest value appears in the whole body movement and the jumping movement, the lowest value of the HFnorm index appears in the whole body movement and jumping movement, the highest value appears in the body side movement, the body rotation movement and the finishing movement; LF/ The lowest value of HF index appeared in extensional movement, body rotation movement and finishing movement, the highest value appeared in the jump movement. 5. The effect of eighth sets of broadcast exercises on lung function in 8 weeks: after 8 weeks of radio exercise, both experimental and experimental two groups showed significant increase (P0.05 or P0.01), PIF, PIF, PIF, PIF, PIF, PIF, PIF There was a very significant increase in the experimental group. 6. The effect of eighth sets of broadcast exercises on SCL-90 factor in 8 weeks: after 8 weeks of radio gymnastic exercise in the two groups, the forced symptom index, psychosis factor and the total symptom index were significantly reduced (P0.05 or P0.01). Conclusion: (1) the frequency of different movements of eighth sets of broadcast gymnasts to HRV Both domain and time domain indicators have different effects. (2) Eighth sets of broadcast exercises have significant influence on the frequency domain and time domain index of HRV, which shows the enhancement of sympathetic nervous tension and the decrease of the vagal nervousness. The overall effect is not completely consistent with the time domain and frequency domain index of the time of 5 minutes after the exercise. (3) 8 weeks. Eighth sets of broadcast exercises can significantly reduce the tension of the sympathetic nerve in the quiet state. (4) Eighth sets of broadcast exercises for 8 weeks can significantly improve the lung function of the subjects, and the four times of exercise every day can also reduce the compulsion and psychosis factors and improve the mental health level.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：山東師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類號(hào)】：G831.1;G804.2

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