本文關(guān)鍵詞： 表面增強(qiáng)拉曼光譜 前處理方法 尿液 血液 毒品　出處：《安徽大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：縱觀中國(guó)的近代史,毒品的濫用與盛行給中華民族帶來了不可估量的傷害。毒品嚴(yán)重?cái)_亂了人們的生活及社會(huì)的穩(wěn)定。目前,對(duì)人類產(chǎn)生威脅的不單單是傳統(tǒng)類的毒品。隨著科技水平和制藥工藝的進(jìn)步和發(fā)展,合成類毒品的種類和數(shù)量已經(jīng)超過了傳統(tǒng)毒品,因此對(duì)毒品的快速檢測(cè)在抑制毒品的傳播、打擊毒品犯罪方面有著舉足輕重的作用。如今,公安及司法部門鑒定毒品方法主要是用膠體金試紙初步篩查毒品的種類,然后用氣相色譜-質(zhì)譜聯(lián)用技術(shù)進(jìn)行最終的確認(rèn)。然而,此方法不適用于毒品的現(xiàn)場(chǎng)檢測(cè),費(fèi)時(shí)、費(fèi)力且成本高。近幾年,表面增強(qiáng)拉曼光譜(SERS)技術(shù)由于具有指紋識(shí)別、檢測(cè)速度快、樣品用量少、無損傷、高靈敏度等眾多優(yōu)點(diǎn)而受到了研究者的關(guān)注。SERS技術(shù)目前已廣泛用于表面分析,如爆炸物檢測(cè)、醫(yī)藥安全、考古、食品安全及毒品檢測(cè)。然而,體液中如尿液、血液中毒品的含量很少,且其中含有大量的尿素、蛋白質(zhì)和氨基酸等物質(zhì),直接對(duì)其檢測(cè)會(huì)受到很大的干擾。其次,對(duì)于現(xiàn)場(chǎng)檢測(cè),要求SERS基底在穩(wěn)定性、重現(xiàn)性及靈敏性上具有較好的性能。鑒于SERS在檢測(cè)毒品中存在的以上問題,故本論文具體研究?jī)?nèi)容如下:首先,簡(jiǎn)單的介紹了毒品的概況、毒品檢測(cè)方法、SERS的發(fā)展歷程、增強(qiáng)機(jī)理及SERS技術(shù)檢測(cè)毒品的研究進(jìn)展。第二章對(duì)當(dāng)今世界濫用范圍最廣泛的毒品之一可卡因進(jìn)行檢測(cè)方法的研究,由于尿液中的可卡因含量比較少且尿液中其他成分會(huì)存在的干擾,所以我們開發(fā)了一種尿液中的可卡因快速分離和純化的前處理方法,該純化過程操作簡(jiǎn)單、時(shí)間短、萃取效率高、純化試劑用量少且不要借助其他的儀器即可完成。為了獲得具有良好的穩(wěn)定性、靈敏度及重現(xiàn)性的SERS基底,我們首先利用種子生長(zhǎng)法合成了均一性好、類球形的金納米粒子,然后以十六烷基三甲基溴化銨(CTAB)分子對(duì)均一的金納米粒子進(jìn)行功能化處理,組裝成有序2D的納米結(jié)構(gòu)。用手持式拉曼光譜儀對(duì)尿液中的可卡因進(jìn)行檢測(cè),并具有較好的檢測(cè)效果。整個(gè)純化和檢測(cè)的過程只需要3.5 min,適用于毒品的現(xiàn)場(chǎng)檢測(cè)。第三章中我們建立了人體血清中毒品的SERS快速檢測(cè)方法。檢測(cè)對(duì)象擴(kuò)大至血清,能為現(xiàn)場(chǎng)檢測(cè)中頑固的吸毒者不愿提供尿液時(shí)補(bǔ)充生物檢材,同時(shí)也拓寬了 SERS技術(shù)在毒品檢測(cè)的應(yīng)用范圍。由于血清中的成分比尿液更為復(fù)雜,直接對(duì)其中的毒品檢測(cè)會(huì)存在更大的干擾,所以我們建立了血清中毒品的快速的前處理方法,以金納米棒為SERS基底對(duì)其具有較好的檢測(cè)效果。為了考察個(gè)體的差異的影響,我們從中科院腫瘤醫(yī)院取30個(gè)血清樣品加入可卡因后進(jìn)行純化、檢測(cè)。此外,該方法對(duì)苯丙胺類的毒品也具有較好的純化及檢測(cè)效果。第四章中對(duì)疑似吸毒者尿液進(jìn)行純化處理后用SERS檢測(cè),檢驗(yàn)所建立的尿液中毒品的前處理方法的可靠性及可行性。實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果表明,我們所建立開發(fā)的毒品快速檢測(cè)方法準(zhǔn)確可靠,具有較高的應(yīng)用價(jià)值。
[Abstract]:Throughout the modern history of China, drug abuse and popular to the Chinese nation has brought immeasurable harm. Drugs seriously disrupt the people's life and social stability. At present, a threat to human is not only the traditional drugs. With the progress and development of science and technology and pharmaceutical technology, type and quantity of synthesis the drug has more than traditional drugs, so the drug fast detection to suppress the spread of drugs, plays an important role in the fight against drug-related crimes. Now, public security and judicial departments of drug identification method is the main kinds of colloidal gold strip for primary screening of drugs, followed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry for final confirmed. However, time-consuming field detection, this method is not suitable for drugs, laborious and costly. In recent years, surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) technique with fingerprint recognition, detection Fast speed, less sample consumption, no damage, many advantages such as high sensitivity and attention to the research of.SERS technology has been widely used for surface analysis, such as explosive detection, drug safety, archaeology, food safety and drug detection. However, in body fluids such as urine, little blood levels of drugs, and contains the amounts of urea, protein and amino acids and other substances, directly on the detection will be greatly disturbed. Secondly, for field detection, SERS substrate has good performance in stability, reproducibility and sensitivity. In view of the above problems in the detection of drugs in SERS, the specific contents are as follows: firstly, simple the introduction of drugs, drug detection methods, the development of SERS, study on the mechanism and technology of SERS detection of drug enhanced. The second chapter of the scope of drug abuse in the world the most widely Study on the detection method of cocaine, because of the interference of cocaine in urine was less and the presence of other components in the urine, so we developed a urine cocaine rapid separation and purification method of pretreatment, the purification process has the advantages of simple operation, short time, high extraction efficiency, low consumption of reagents and not by purification other instruments can be completed. In order to obtain good stability, sensitivity and reproducibility of the SERS substrate, we first use the seed growth method for the synthesis of a good homogeneity, spherical gold nanoparticles, and then with sixteen alkyl three methyl bromide (CTAB) molecules on uniform gold nanoparticles are functionalized, assembled nano ordered structure of 2D. To detect the urine cocaine by handheld Raman spectrometer, and has a good detection effect. The whole process of purification and detection only 3.5 min, suitable for on-site detection of drugs. In the third chapter, we established a human serum drug in SERS rapid detection method. The detection object expanded to serum for detection in field stubborn drug addicts are reluctant to provide urine of biological samples, but also broaden the scope of application of SERS technology in drug testing because the components in serum than urine is more complex, directly to the drug testing which there will be greater interference, so we established a pretreatment method of fast serum drugs, with gold nanorods SERS substrate has better effect on its effect. In order to study the differences of individuals, we from the Chinese Academy of Sciences cancer hospital take 30 serum samples with cocaine after purification, detection. In addition, the method of amphetamine type drugs also have purification and good detection effect. In the fourth chapter of suspected drug addicts urine After purification, the SERS was used to test the reliability and feasibility of the established pretreatment method for urine poisoned products. The experimental results show that the developed rapid detection method for drugs is accurate, reliable and of high application value.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：安徽大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：D919.4;O657.37

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