再生水用于沖廁的健康風(fēng)險評價方法研究
發(fā)布時間:2019-05-24 02:59
【摘要】:隨著水資源短缺問題日益加劇,再生水作為城市第二水源在一定程度上緩解了水資源的供需矛盾。然而,再生水回用的安全性問題一直備受關(guān)注。本文針對再生水回用于沖廁途徑,綜合運用數(shù)理統(tǒng)計、毒理學(xué)、風(fēng)險評估等學(xué)科理論和方法,提出了一套再生水用于沖廁的健康風(fēng)險評價方法。 首先,選取6種有機污染物指標(biāo)和4種重金屬指標(biāo)作為風(fēng)險因子,對天津市再生水廠J的再生水進行了檢測,并通過Q-Q圖檢驗和K-S非參數(shù)假設(shè)檢驗驗證了各指標(biāo)檢測結(jié)果符合對數(shù)正態(tài)分布。 其次,對健康風(fēng)險評價模型及模型參數(shù)的確定進行了研究。在借鑒國內(nèi)外已有成果的基礎(chǔ)上,將呼吸途徑終生日均暴露劑量(濃度)估算模型與氣溶膠擴散模型相結(jié)合,有效地解決了空氣中污染物濃度值因低于目前測試方法檢出限而難以通過實測獲得的問題。對于模型參數(shù),提出了單位體重呼吸速率的概念,并確定了單位體重呼吸速率和日暴露時間的對數(shù)正態(tài)分布特征。 最后,,根據(jù)健康風(fēng)險評價模型、部分模型參數(shù)的對數(shù)正態(tài)分布函數(shù)以及各化學(xué)污染物指標(biāo)的毒性參數(shù)數(shù)據(jù),借助Crystal Ball軟件,采用蒙特卡羅方法對沖廁再生水中各化學(xué)污染物指標(biāo)的健康風(fēng)險進行了不確定性評價。評價結(jié)果表明:有機污染物指標(biāo)的健康風(fēng)險較小,大多低于可忽略風(fēng)險水平,重金屬指標(biāo)的健康風(fēng)險相對較大,但仍低于最大可接受年風(fēng)險水平;健康風(fēng)險與再生水噴灑強度呈正相關(guān)關(guān)系,并且化學(xué)污染物對女性的健康風(fēng)險略高于男性;沖廁再生水的總風(fēng)險小于最大可接受年風(fēng)險水平,重金屬對人體的健康風(fēng)險占總風(fēng)險的絕大部分。
[Abstract]:With the increasing shortage of water resources, reclaimed water, as the second water source in the city, alleviates the contradiction between supply and demand of water resources to a certain extent. However, the safety of reclaimed water reuse has been paid more and more attention. Based on the theories and methods of mathematical statistics, toxicology and risk assessment, a set of health risk assessment methods for flushing with reclaimed water are proposed in this paper. First of all, six kinds of organic pollutants and four kinds of heavy metals were selected as risk factors to detect the reclaimed water of Tianjin Recycling Water Plant J. The results of Q 鈮
本文編號:2484488
[Abstract]:With the increasing shortage of water resources, reclaimed water, as the second water source in the city, alleviates the contradiction between supply and demand of water resources to a certain extent. However, the safety of reclaimed water reuse has been paid more and more attention. Based on the theories and methods of mathematical statistics, toxicology and risk assessment, a set of health risk assessment methods for flushing with reclaimed water are proposed in this paper. First of all, six kinds of organic pollutants and four kinds of heavy metals were selected as risk factors to detect the reclaimed water of Tianjin Recycling Water Plant J. The results of Q 鈮
本文編號:2484488
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