【摘要】：多聚磷酸鹽是一類重要的食品添加劑,在食品工業(yè)中主要起保持食品水分、調節(jié)pH值、緩沖、螯合金屬離子等作用,在水產品的保存和運輸過程中,加入一定量的多聚磷酸鹽,能增加產品的保水性能。本文主要針對我國水產品添加多聚磷酸鹽的現狀,建立了離子色譜法快速準確測定水產品中多聚磷酸鹽的含量,并對青島市售水產品中多聚磷酸鹽的殘留量進行了調查分析,根據風險評估理論對水產品中磷酸鹽的總量進行了風險評估,并通過動物實驗初步探討了三聚磷酸鈉對生長期大鼠骨骼發(fā)育的影響及其預防措施。 建立了離子色譜法同時測定水產品中正磷酸鹽、焦磷酸鹽、三聚磷酸鹽及三偏磷酸鹽的含量。采用AS11-HC離子色譜柱,流動相為KOH,梯度洗脫,流速為1.0mL/min,電導抑制檢測。結果表明,四種組分分離效果較好,線性關系良好,加樣回收率為80.3～106.9%。該檢測方法精密度高,準確度好,操作簡便,可用于水產品中多聚磷酸鹽的含量測定。 通過對青島市售水產品中磷酸鹽殘留量的調查分析,為水產品的質量安全及風險監(jiān)測提供一定的科學依據。采集水產樣品共計506份,其中14種冷凍海水魚91份、凍蝦64份、凍蝦仁201份、魚糜制品50份以及烤魚片100份。結果表明,多數水產樣品正磷酸鹽含量較高,多聚磷酸鹽中以焦磷酸鹽和三聚磷酸鹽含量較高；不同種類水產樣品中磷酸鹽含量存在一定的顯著差異(P0.05)。正磷酸鹽含量由高到低依次為烤魚片、冷凍海水魚、凍蝦仁、凍蝦、魚糜制品；焦磷酸鹽含量由高到低依次為凍蝦仁、烤魚片、魚糜制品、凍蝦、冷凍海水魚；三聚磷酸鹽含量由高到低依次為凍蝦仁、魚糜制品、凍蝦、烤魚片、冷凍海水魚；絕大部分水產品樣品中三偏磷酸鹽含量低于檢出限。據《2010中國漁業(yè)統(tǒng)計年鑒》對不同水產品種類加權分析,得到總磷酸鹽含量范圍為665.77-19938.02mg/kg,平均值為2967.78mg/kg,中位值為2337.82mg/kg,總磷酸鹽含量不符合正態(tài)分布(P0.05)。 運用風險評估理論對水產品中磷酸鹽總量進行了風險評估。結果表明,居民通過食用水產品途徑攝入磷酸鹽,日均暴露量的平均值為6.97mg/(kg-d),風險商的平均值為0.03,且均小于1,說明居民通過食用水產品途徑攝入磷酸鹽對人體健康造成風險的可能性不大。 通過動物實驗,研究三聚磷酸鈉對生長期大鼠體重、體長,脛骨和股骨的長度、濕重、干重、灰重以及鈣磷鎂等礦物質的影響。結果表明,過量三聚磷酸鈉具有抑制大鼠生長和骨骼發(fā)育的作用,并且有一定的量效關系。補充碳酸鈣有助于改善高磷飲食對大鼠骨骼發(fā)育的影響。
[Abstract]:Polyphosphate is a kind of important food additive, which can keep food moisture, adjust pH value, buffer, chelate metal ions and so on in the food industry. In the process of preservation and transportation of aquatic products, a certain amount of polyphosphate is added. Can increase the product's water retention performance. In view of the present situation of adding polyphosphate to aquatic products in China, a rapid and accurate determination of polyphosphate content in aquatic products by ion chromatography was established, and the residue of polyphosphate in aquatic products sold in Qingdao was investigated and analyzed. Based on the theory of risk assessment, the risk assessment of total phosphate in aquatic products was carried out. The effects of sodium tripolyphosphate on bone development in growing rats and its preventive measures were preliminarily discussed through animal experiments. A method for simultaneous determination of orthophosphate, pyrophosphate, triphosphate and trimetaphosphate in aquatic products by ion chromatography was established. A AS11-HC ion column was used, the mobile phase was KOH, gradient elution, the flow rate was 1.0 mL / min, and the conductivity inhibition detection was performed. The results showed that the separation effect of the four components was good, and the linear relationship was good. The recovery of adding sample was 80.3% 106.9%. The method has the advantages of high precision, good accuracy and simple operation. It can be used for the determination of polyphosphate in aquatic products. Based on the investigation and analysis of phosphate residues in aquatic products sold in Qingdao City, a scientific basis for quality safety and risk monitoring of aquatic products was provided. Totally 506 fish samples were collected, including 91 frozen marine fish, 64 frozen shrimp, 201 frozen shrimp, 50 surimi products and 100 roast fish fillets. The results showed that the content of orthophosphate in most aquatic samples was higher than that of pyrophosphate and tripolyphosphate in polyphosphate, and there was a significant difference in phosphate content among different kinds of aquatic samples (P0.05). The order of orthophosphate content from high to low was roast fish fillet, frozen seawater fish, frozen shrimp, frozen shrimp and surimi products, and pyrophosphate content from high to low was frozen shrimp kernel, roast fish fillet, surimi products, frozen shrimp and frozen seawater fish. The order of triphosphate content was frozen shrimp meat, surimi products, frozen shrimp, grilled fish fillet and frozen seawater fish, and the content of trimetaphosphate in most aquatic products was lower than the detection limit. According to the weighted analysis of different kinds of aquatic products in China Fisheries Statistical Yearbook 2010, the total phosphate content ranges from 665.77 to 19938.02 mg / kg, with an average value of 2967.78 mg / kg and a median value of 2337.82 mg / kg. The total phosphate content did not accord with normal distribution (P0.05). The risk assessment of the total phosphate content in aquatic products was carried out by using the theory of risk assessment. The results showed that the average daily exposure was 6.97mg/ (kg-d) and the average risk quotient was 0.03, and all of them were less than 1, and the average daily exposure was 6.97mg/ (kg-d), the average value of risk quotient was 0.03, and the daily exposure of phosphate was less than 1. It is suggested that the risk to human health caused by phosphate intake through eating aquatic products is very low. The effects of sodium tripolyphosphate on body weight, body length, length of tibia and femur, wet weight, dry weight, ash weight and calcium, phosphorus and magnesium in growing rats were studied. The results showed that excessive sodium tripolyphosphate could inhibit the growth and bone development of rats, and there was a dose-effect relationship. Calcium carbonate supplementation can improve the effect of high phosphorus diet on bone development in rats.
【學位授予單位】：青島大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2012
【分類號】：R155.5

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