【摘要】：隨著人們對(duì)茶葉質(zhì)量安全認(rèn)識(shí)提高，茶葉中氟含量超標(biāo)的問題越來越引起人們的重視。正確認(rèn)識(shí)茶葉中的氟，趨利避害，，是現(xiàn)實(shí)而又緊迫的課題。為了解目前市場(chǎng)上茶葉中水溶性氟化物含量，對(duì)我國(guó)489份茶樣及市購(gòu)40份國(guó)外品牌茶樣進(jìn)行了水溶性氟化物含量分析及對(duì)安全風(fēng)險(xiǎn)進(jìn)行了評(píng)價(jià)。另對(duì)安徽省廬江、岳西、祁門、金寨、郎溪、涇縣、東至、合肥八個(gè)地區(qū)茶園的土壤、茶樹嫩葉及成熟葉進(jìn)行實(shí)地調(diào)查采樣。分析了土壤各賦存形態(tài)氟的含量、氟在茶樹體內(nèi)的富集特征以及不同茶樹品種對(duì)氟的富集特征等，為保證安徽茶園茶葉質(zhì)量安全提供依據(jù)。 1我國(guó)市售茶葉水溶性氟化物含量調(diào)查及健康安全風(fēng)險(xiǎn)評(píng)估 本文檢測(cè)了529份茶樣，分析茶葉中水溶性氟化物含量、頻率分布特征及其與氟化物安全攝入量之間的關(guān)系。茶葉中水溶性氟化物含量為8.5～965mg/kg，平均值為108.78mg/kg，且黑茶(218.99mg/kg)＞青茶(153.26mg/kg)＞紅茶(93.35mg/kg）＞綠茶（60.28mg/kg）＞白茶（52.65mg/kg）。黑茶、青茶、紅茶、綠茶、白茶飲用人群通過飲茶途徑每日攝入氟分別為2.50mg、1.75mg、1.06mg、0.69mg、0.60mg。參考我國(guó)氟日均允許攝入量，對(duì)多數(shù)飲茶人群來說，尚不存在通過飲茶攝入氟過量的問題。但是在極端情況如長(zhǎng)期大量飲用氟化物含量高的茶葉，則會(huì)有一定的健康風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。 通過開展茶葉中的氟化物定量風(fēng)險(xiǎn)評(píng)估工作，量化中國(guó)普通居民飲茶途徑的氟化物風(fēng)險(xiǎn)水平。利用基于蒙特卡羅分析技術(shù)的Crystal Ball軟件，以風(fēng)險(xiǎn)商HQ表征飲茶途徑的氟化物風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。評(píng)估結(jié)果表明，中國(guó)普通居民通過飲茶途徑的氟化物風(fēng)險(xiǎn)商平均值小于1，但在95百分位大于1。說明中國(guó)普通居民通過飲茶途徑攝入氟化物存在一定的健康風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。進(jìn)一步分析表明，在高暴露水平下綠茶、紅茶的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)商上升趨勢(shì)并不明顯，黑茶的氟化物風(fēng)險(xiǎn)商急劇上升，說明綠茶、紅茶飲用人群通過飲茶途徑的氟化物暴露不存在健康風(fēng)險(xiǎn)，而黑茶飲用人群存在一定的健康風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。因而需加強(qiáng)對(duì)茶葉中氟化物的控制和檢測(cè)，從而進(jìn)一步降低中國(guó)普通居民飲茶途徑的氟化物風(fēng)險(xiǎn)水平。 2安徽茶園土壤-茶樹系統(tǒng)氟富集特性 對(duì)安徽茶園土壤不同賦存形態(tài)氟的含量及分布狀況進(jìn)行分析結(jié)果表明，安徽茶園土壤中總氟的含量范圍為191.4～1138.0mg/kg，平均含量為405.3mg/kg低于我國(guó)氟的土壤背景（453mg/kg)。茶園土壤氟主要以殘余態(tài)氟形式存在，殘余態(tài)氟占土壤全氟（T-F）的95％以上。殘余態(tài)（Res-F）＞可交換態(tài)氟（Ex-F）＞鐵錳結(jié)合態(tài)（Fe/Mn-F）＞水溶態(tài)（Ws-F）＞有機(jī)束縛態(tài)(O.M.F)。土壤中各氟賦存形態(tài)之間普遍存在比較顯著的相關(guān)性，總氟與殘余態(tài)氟的相關(guān)系數(shù)甚至接近于1，具有極顯著的相關(guān)性。安徽茶園茶樹嫩葉中水溶性氟氟含量為52.13mg/kg～264.2mg/kg，總氟為70.06mg/kg～350.5mg/kg。大多數(shù)樣品低于農(nóng)業(yè)部茶葉氟含量安全限量標(biāo)準(zhǔn)（200mg/kg)。成熟葉中水溶性氟含量為151.6mg/kg～2093mg/kg，總氟為365.6mg/kg～2476mg/kg。成熟葉中的氟含量明顯高于嫩葉中的含量。嫩葉對(duì)氟的富集系數(shù)為0.13～0.95。成熟葉對(duì)氟的富集系數(shù)為1.03～8.56。土壤總氟對(duì)嫩葉中水氟含量和總氟含量的直接效應(yīng)最強(qiáng)，鐵錳結(jié)合態(tài)氟對(duì)成熟葉中水氟含量和總氟含量有著強(qiáng)烈的直接效應(yīng)。
[Abstract]:With the improvement of the quality and safety of the tea, the problem of the content of the fluorine in the tea is more and more important. It is a realistic and urgent task to have a correct understanding of the fluorine in the tea. In ord to understand that content of water-soluble fluoride in tea in the present market, the content of water-soluble fluoride in 489 tea samples and 40 foreign brand tea samples in China were analyzed and the safety risk was evaluated. On the other hand, the field investigation and sampling of the soil, the tender leaf and the mature leaves of the tea garden in the Lujiang, Yuxi, Qimen, Jinzhai, Langxi, Qixian, Dongzhi and Hefei in Anhui Province are carried out. The content of fluorine in each occurrence of the soil, the enrichment of fluorine in the tea tree and the enrichment of different tea varieties to the fluorine were analyzed, so as to provide the basis for ensuring the quality and safety of tea in the tea garden of Anhui. Investigation on the content of water-soluble fluoride in tea in China and the risk of health and safety In this paper,529 tea samples were tested, and the content of water-soluble fluoride, frequency distribution and the safe intake of fluoride were analyzed. The content of the water-soluble fluoride in the tea is 8.5-965 mg/ kg, the average value is 108.78 mg/ kg, and the black tea (218.99 mg/ kg) is more than that of the green tea (153.26 mg/ kg), the black tea (93.35 mg/ kg), the green tea (60.28 mg/ kg) and the white tea (52.65 mg/ kg). kg) of black tea, green tea, black tea, green tea and white tea drinking group, the daily intake of fluorine by the tea drinking way is 2.50 mg, 1.75 mg, 1.06 mg, 0.69 mg, 0.6, 0 mg. With reference to the allowable daily intake of fluoride in China, there is no excess of fluoride in the majority of the tea-drinking population by drinking tea but in extreme cases, such as a large amount of tea with high fluoride content for a long period of time, there will be some health The study on the quantitative risk assessment of fluoride in tea and the quantification of the fluoride of tea by ordinary residents in China Risk level of the product. Crystal Ball software based on the Monte Carlo analysis technique is used to characterize the tea-drinking route with the risk quotient HQ. The results of the assessment show that the average value of fluoride risk quotient of Chinese ordinary residents through tea drinking is less than 1, but at 95% The distribution of fluoride is greater than 1. It is indicated that the intake of fluoride in Chinese ordinary residents by means of tea drinking has a certain degree. Further analysis showed that the risk quotient of green tea and black tea was not obvious at high exposure level, and the fluoride risk quotient of black tea rose sharply, indicating that the fluoride exposure of green tea and black tea drinking population through tea drinking was not stored. In the health risk, the black tea drinking population has a certain degree Therefore, it is necessary to strengthen the control and detection of the fluoride in the tea so as to further reduce the fluoridation of the tea drinking way of the ordinary residents in China. the risk level of the product. Soil-tea in tea garden in Anhui The content and distribution of the fluorine in the soil of the tea garden in Anhui were analyzed by the fluorine enrichment of the tree system. The results showed that the content of the total fluorine in the soil of the tea garden in Anhui was from 191.4 to 1138.0mg/ kg, and the average content was 405.3 mg/ kg, which was lower than that of the soil in China. The soil fluorine in the tea garden mainly exists in the form of residual fluorine, and the residual fluorine accounts for the soil perfluoro (T The residual state (Res-F)> the exchangeable fluorine (Ex-F)> iron-manganese bound (Fe/ Mn-F)> water-soluble (Ws-F)> organic beam The correlation coefficient between the fluorine and the residual fluorine in the soil is close to 1. The content of the water-soluble fluoride in the tender leaf of tea in the tea garden of Anhui was 52.13mg/ kg-264.2 mg/ kg and the total fluoride was 70.06 mg/ kg ~ 3. 50.5 mg/ kg. Most of the samples were lower than that of the Ministry of Agriculture's tea fluorine content safety limits ( The content of water-soluble fluorine in the mature leaves is 151.6 mg/ kg-209mg/ kg and the total fluoride is 365.6 mg/ kg ~ The content of fluoride in the mature leaves of 2476 mg/ kg. The content of the tender leaf is higher than that of the tender leaf, and the enrichment factor of the tender leaf to the fluorine is 0.13 to 0.95. The enrichment factor of the mature leaf to the fluorine is 1.03 to 8.56. The direct effect of total fluorine on the content of water and the total fluorine in the tender leaves of the soil is the strongest, and the content of the water and the total fluorine in the mature leaves of the iron-manganese-bound fluorine are the highest.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：安徽農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類號(hào)】：R151

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