【摘要】：職業(yè)病監(jiān)管工作事關(guān)廣大勞動(dòng)者身體健康和生命安全，事關(guān)經(jīng)濟(jì)建設(shè)可持續(xù)發(fā)展和社會(huì)大局穩(wěn)定，國(guó)家歷來(lái)高度重視職業(yè)病防治工作。2002年5月，《中華人民共和國(guó)職業(yè)病防治法》正式實(shí)施，，對(duì)預(yù)防、控制和消除職業(yè)病危害，保護(hù)勞動(dòng)者健康及其相關(guān)權(quán)益，促進(jìn)經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展起到了積極作用。 A市近年招商引資，各種新設(shè)備新材料、新工藝技術(shù)的引進(jìn)和使用，帶動(dòng)了轄區(qū)內(nèi)經(jīng)濟(jì)的發(fā)展，同時(shí)也帶來(lái)了更多的職業(yè)病危害因素。隨著時(shí)間的推移，各種職業(yè)病危害因素陸續(xù)涌現(xiàn)，A市職業(yè)中毒和職業(yè)病事故隱患漸顯突出，職業(yè)病發(fā)病處于高發(fā)期，地方職業(yè)病監(jiān)管工作任重道遠(yuǎn)。 本文通過(guò)運(yùn)用文獻(xiàn)研究、調(diào)查研究、案例分析等方法，對(duì)A市職業(yè)病監(jiān)管機(jī)構(gòu)設(shè)置、人員配備、經(jīng)費(fèi)投入、設(shè)備配置及監(jiān)管內(nèi)容進(jìn)行分析，并結(jié)合轄區(qū)職業(yè)病診斷鑒定情況，對(duì)A市當(dāng)前職業(yè)病監(jiān)管工作的企業(yè)經(jīng)營(yíng)者履行主體責(zé)任不到位、未落實(shí)職業(yè)衛(wèi)生相關(guān)制度、職業(yè)健康監(jiān)護(hù)及職業(yè)危害因素監(jiān)測(cè)覆蓋率低及職業(yè)衛(wèi)生監(jiān)督執(zhí)法力量及技術(shù)服務(wù)人員嚴(yán)重不足等存在問(wèn)題及政府對(duì)職業(yè)病防治工作認(rèn)識(shí)不足、勞動(dòng)者保護(hù)意識(shí)淡薄、A市職業(yè)病危害因素廣泛分布、職業(yè)衛(wèi)生監(jiān)管體系不完善以及職業(yè)衛(wèi)生監(jiān)管職能亟待理順等問(wèn)題原因進(jìn)行了探究，總結(jié)歸納出提高政府重視及完善職業(yè)病防治體系、明確企業(yè)是職業(yè)病防治的第一責(zé)任人、部門(mén)聯(lián)動(dòng)落實(shí)“三同時(shí)”、完善職業(yè)衛(wèi)生防治隊(duì)伍建設(shè)、指導(dǎo)企業(yè)建章立制強(qiáng)化職責(zé)、全面落實(shí)人員健康監(jiān)護(hù)及診斷鑒定工作、落實(shí)職業(yè)危害申報(bào)、積極宣傳《職業(yè)病防治法》及盡快理順職業(yè)衛(wèi)生監(jiān)管職能等A市職業(yè)病監(jiān)管工作對(duì)策，以期為完善和制定適合A市經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展和保障職業(yè)人群健康的職業(yè)衛(wèi)生監(jiān)督辦法提供借鑒，同時(shí)也為其他城市進(jìn)一步加強(qiáng)職業(yè)病防治工作提供決策參考。
[Abstract]:The supervision of occupational diseases is related to the health and safety of workers, the sustainable development of economic construction and the stability of society. The state has always attached great importance to the prevention and control of occupational diseases. The official implementation of the Law of the people's Republic of China on the Prevention and Control of Occupational Diseases has played a positive role in preventing, controlling and eliminating occupational hazards, protecting the health of workers and their related rights and interests, and promoting economic development. In recent years, the introduction and use of new equipment, new materials and new technology in A City have promoted the development of economy in the area of jurisdiction, and at the same time brought more occupational hazards. With the passage of time, a variety of occupational disease hazards have emerged, occupational poisoning and occupational disease accidents in A City gradually prominent hidden dangers, occupational disease incidence is in a high incidence period, local occupational disease supervision work is a long way to go. By using the methods of literature research, investigation and case study, this paper analyzes the establishment, staffing, financial input, equipment configuration and supervision content of occupational disease supervision organization in A city, and combines the diagnosis and identification of occupational disease in the area of jurisdiction. The main responsibility of the enterprise operators in the current occupational disease supervision work in A City is not in place, and the occupational health related system has not been implemented. There are some problems in occupational health monitoring and occupational hazard monitoring, such as low coverage rate, serious shortage of law enforcement and technical service personnel in occupational health supervision, insufficient understanding of occupational disease prevention and control by the government, and weak awareness of workers' protection. The causes of occupational disease hazards are widely distributed, the occupational health supervision system is not perfect and the functions of occupational health supervision need to be straightened out. It is concluded that the government should pay more attention to and perfect the occupational disease prevention system. It is clear that the enterprise is the first person responsible for occupational disease prevention and control, and the departments should carry out the "three simultaneous actions", perfect the construction of occupational health prevention and control team, guide enterprises to establish regulations and strengthen their duties, and fully implement the work of personnel health monitoring and diagnosis and appraisal. Implementing the occupational hazard declaration, actively publicizing the Occupational Disease Prevention and Control Law and straightening out the occupational health supervision function as soon as possible, etc. In order to perfect and formulate the occupational health supervision methods suitable for the economic development of city A and to ensure the health of the occupational population, it can also provide a reference for other cities to further strengthen the prevention and control of occupational diseases.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：華南理工大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：R132;D922.16

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