【摘要】：隨著鄱陽湖環(huán)湖區(qū)農(nóng)村城鎮(zhèn)化和工業(yè)化的不斷推進(jìn),鄱陽湖區(qū)域水環(huán)境的污染問題日益顯現(xiàn),農(nóng)村居民飲用水(地表水及淺層地下水)的安全問題引起了越來越多的關(guān)注。同時,近幾年來洪澇、干旱等自然災(zāi)害頻繁發(fā)生,造成點、面源污染物的擴散、遷移,尤其是洪澇災(zāi)害會對飲用水水質(zhì)產(chǎn)生突發(fā)性的影響,使得災(zāi)后發(fā)生疫情的風(fēng)險劇增。因此,監(jiān)測環(huán)鄱陽湖農(nóng)村地區(qū)地下水受污染程度,深入研究點、面源污染機理以及評價其對人體健康的危害迫在眉睫。 本文基于野外調(diào)查、收集和分析當(dāng)?shù)氐乃牡刭|(zhì)資料基礎(chǔ)上,對地下水進(jìn)行取樣分析,研究了環(huán)鄱陽湖區(qū)13個縣(市)的地下水中污染因子的濃度。研究表明,環(huán)鄱陽湖區(qū)農(nóng)村所有的飲用水采樣點中,水質(zhì)較好,毒物因子的變異系數(shù)由大到小的順序是PbCrNH4-NCuZnCdNO3-N, Pb、Cr變異系數(shù)相對最大,分別為1.87、1.82。分析工業(yè)、農(nóng)業(yè)和養(yǎng)殖業(yè)對環(huán)鄱陽湖區(qū)農(nóng)村地下飲用水的影響大小：農(nóng)業(yè)污染、化工污染、貝類養(yǎng)殖、農(nóng)村生活用水、大閘蟹養(yǎng)殖、垃圾堆放、漁業(yè)養(yǎng)殖、家禽養(yǎng)殖、人畜糞便等對地下水硝酸鹽氮都有不同程度的影響,但貢獻(xiàn)大小有待進(jìn)一步研究。 應(yīng)用健康風(fēng)險評價模型研究環(huán)湖區(qū)地下水對人體健康的影響,對地下水中毒物因子通過飲水途徑進(jìn)入人體產(chǎn)生的危害進(jìn)行風(fēng)險評價。結(jié)果表明：環(huán)鄱陽湖區(qū)Cd、Cr致癌的個人平均年風(fēng)險分別為6.02×10-7/a、7.84×10-6/a,均低于國際輻射防護委員會(ICRP)推薦致癌風(fēng)險閾值范國5×10-5～10-4/a,表明致癌風(fēng)險較低；Zn年平均風(fēng)險遠(yuǎn)大于其他非致癌物,為主要風(fēng)險因子。而各類毒物個人健康年總風(fēng)險均以基因毒物質(zhì)為主,超過個人健康年總風(fēng)險的98%。 通過對撫州唱凱堤決堤后造成的洪災(zāi)受災(zāi)區(qū)域地下水和地表水的水質(zhì)分析和評價,分析得出淹沒區(qū)域尾部地區(qū)地下水和地表水污染較其他地區(qū)嚴(yán)重,部分地區(qū)污染很嚴(yán)重。洪澇災(zāi)害造成地下飲用水的污染來自于三個方面：一是攜帶其他地區(qū)的大量污染物質(zhì)滯留在淹沒區(qū)域造成水質(zhì)污染；二是將淹沒區(qū)域的分散的污染物質(zhì)聚集在一起使得水質(zhì)污染急劇加重；三是大量的洪水造成短時間的地表和土壤中污染物質(zhì)滲透作用。在環(huán)鄱陽湖區(qū)洪澇災(zāi)害越來越嚴(yán)重的情況下,區(qū)域的洪災(zāi)必然會的放大人為因素的作用,間接造成地區(qū)的地下飲用水的突發(fā)性重大污染,因引起較大的重視。
[Abstract]:With the development of rural urbanization and industrialization in Poyang Lake region, the pollution of water environment in Poyang Lake region is becoming more and more serious. The safety of drinking water (surface water and shallow groundwater) for rural residents has attracted more and more attention. At the same time, flood, drought and other natural disasters occur frequently in recent years, resulting in the spread and migration of point and non-point source pollutants, especially the flood disaster will have a sudden impact on the drinking water quality, making the risk of epidemic situation after the disaster increased dramatically. Therefore, it is urgent to monitor the degree of groundwater pollution in rural areas around Poyang Lake, to study the point of study, to evaluate the mechanism of non-point pollution and to evaluate its harm to human health. Based on the field investigation and the local hydrogeological data, the concentration of groundwater pollution factors in 13 counties (cities) around Poyang Lake region was studied in this paper. The results showed that the quality of drinking water was better in all the drinking water sampling sites in Poyang Lake area. The order of variation coefficient of poison factor from large to small was that PbCrNH4-NCuZnCdNO3-N, Pb,Cr coefficient of variation was the largest, 1.87% and 1.82 respectively. This paper analyzes the influence of industry, agriculture and aquaculture on rural underground drinking water in Poyang Lake area: agricultural pollution, chemical pollution, shellfish farming, rural water consumption, hairy crab breeding, garbage dump, fishery, poultry, etc. Human and animal feces have different effects on nitrate nitrogen in groundwater, but the contribution needs further study. The health risk assessment model was used to study the influence of groundwater on human health in the surrounding lake area. The results showed that the average annual risk of Cd,Cr carcinogenesis in Poyang Lake region was 6.02 脳 10 ~ (-7) / a and 7.84 脳 10 ~ (-6) / a, respectively, which was lower than that recommended by (ICRP) of the International Commission on radiation Protection (ICRP), which was 5 脳 10 ~ (-5) ~ (-4) / a, respectively. The risk of carcinogenesis is low; The average annual risk of Zn is much higher than that of other non-carcinogens and is the main risk factor. The total annual risk of individual health of all kinds of poisons is mainly genetic poison, which is more than 98% of the total annual risk of individual health. Based on the analysis and evaluation of the groundwater and surface water quality in the flood affected area after the causeway burst in Fuzhou, it is concluded that the groundwater and surface water pollution in the tail region of the submerged area is more serious than that in other areas, and the pollution in some areas is very serious. The pollution of underground drinking water caused by flood and waterlogging comes from three aspects: first, a large number of pollutants in other areas are left behind in the submerged area, resulting in water pollution; The second is the concentration of dispersed pollutants in submerged areas, which makes the water pollution increase sharply; the third is the infiltration of contaminated substances in the surface and soil caused by a large number of floods for a short period of time. In the case of more and more serious flood disasters in Poyang Lake region, the flooding in the region will inevitably magnify the effect of human factors and indirectly cause sudden and serious pollution of underground drinking water in the region, which has caused great attention.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：南昌大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類號】：X131.2;R123.1

【參考文獻(xiàn)】

相關(guān)期刊論文 前10條

1 楊仝鎖;鄭西來;許延營;鄒英杰;馬玉杰;李梅;;青島市黃島區(qū)飲用水源健康風(fēng)險評價[J];安全與環(huán)境學(xué)報;2008年02期

2 齊曉君;付建飛;王恩德;;撫順市健康風(fēng)險評價[J];安全與環(huán)境學(xué)報;2008年04期

3 王U，

本文編號：2406612