高速鐵路機(jī)車乘務(wù)員的工作環(huán)境及健康狀況的研究
發(fā)布時(shí)間：2019-01-08 17:36
【摘要】：目的：通過(guò)對(duì)武廣高鐵現(xiàn)有高速鐵路的司機(jī)室的工作環(huán)境和廣州機(jī)務(wù)段全體高速鐵路機(jī)車乘務(wù)員的身體健康狀況、心理健康狀況進(jìn)行調(diào)查,分析高速鐵路列車機(jī)車室的工作環(huán)境是否符合國(guó)家相關(guān)職業(yè)衛(wèi)生標(biāo)準(zhǔn),了解高速鐵路機(jī)車乘務(wù)員的身體健康狀況和心理健康狀況,從而為改善高速鐵路機(jī)車乘務(wù)員勞動(dòng)條件、提出科學(xué)合理的預(yù)防措施和保證行車安全提供參考資料。 方法：隨機(jī)抽取10輛武廣高速鐵路廣州南至長(zhǎng)沙南段的CRH2和CRH3型高速鐵路機(jī)車司機(jī)室的環(huán)境進(jìn)行監(jiān)測(cè),主要監(jiān)測(cè)指標(biāo)有微小氣候、噪聲、電磁輻射、工頻電磁場(chǎng)、甲苯、苯系物、一氧化碳、二氧化碳、可吸入顆粒物濃度和菌落總數(shù)。對(duì)廣州機(jī)務(wù)段全體高速鐵路機(jī)車乘務(wù)員170名男性為調(diào)查對(duì)象,同時(shí)采用分層抽樣的方法選取284名男性普通鐵路機(jī)車乘務(wù)人員為對(duì)照組,對(duì)其身體健康狀況進(jìn)行分析；同時(shí)采用填寫調(diào)查問(wèn)卷的方法對(duì)其心理健康狀況、工作能力和疲勞狀況進(jìn)行調(diào)查,使用的調(diào)查問(wèn)卷為癥狀自評(píng)量表(SCL-90)、工作能力指數(shù)表(work ability index, WAI)、疲勞評(píng)定量表(fatigue assessment instrument,FAD。使用SPSS13.0對(duì)數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行分析,使用的統(tǒng)計(jì)方法有t檢驗(yàn)、方差分析、卡方檢驗(yàn)、相關(guān)分析和多元線性回歸等。 結(jié)果： (1)對(duì)高速鐵路機(jī)車司機(jī)室的環(huán)境進(jìn)行檢測(cè),檢測(cè)結(jié)果顯示微小氣候、噪聲、電磁輻射、工頻電磁場(chǎng)、甲苯、苯系物、一氧化碳、二氧化碳、可吸入顆粒物濃度和菌落總數(shù)的檢測(cè)結(jié)果均符合國(guó)家相關(guān)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。 (2)對(duì)高速鐵路機(jī)車乘務(wù)員和普通鐵路機(jī)車乘務(wù)員的身體健康狀況進(jìn)行分析,排在前3位的是心電圖異常、脂肪肝和尿酸偏高；高速鐵路機(jī)車乘務(wù)員和普通鐵路機(jī)車乘務(wù)員的BMI之間差異無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義。 (3)高速鐵路機(jī)車乘務(wù)員的SCL-90的總分和各因子得分均高于普通鐵路機(jī)車乘務(wù)員,并且隨著高鐵工齡的增加高速鐵路機(jī)車乘務(wù)員SCL-90各因子得分和各因子陽(yáng)性率均呈增加趨勢(shì),采用多元線性回歸分析年齡、婚姻狀況、家庭月收入、月平均運(yùn)動(dòng)次數(shù)、興趣愛好、機(jī)車駕駛工齡、高鐵駕駛工齡、文化程度、吸煙、飲酒等因素對(duì)SCL-90得分的影響,最后進(jìn)入回歸方程的有高鐵工齡、吸煙情況、飲酒情況、文化程度和年齡；高速鐵路機(jī)車乘務(wù)員工作能力優(yōu)、良、中所占的比例均低于普通鐵路機(jī)車乘務(wù)員,高速鐵路機(jī)車乘務(wù)員的主觀工作能力評(píng)價(jià)、與工作需求相關(guān)的工作能力、現(xiàn)患病情況、疾病對(duì)工作的影響和心理健康狀態(tài)因子的得分均低于普通鐵路機(jī)車乘務(wù)員,而且高速鐵路機(jī)車乘務(wù)員的WAI總分也明顯低于普通鐵路機(jī)車乘務(wù)員的WAI總分,機(jī)車駕駛工齡、吸煙情況、飲酒情況、文化程度和年齡對(duì)高速鐵路機(jī)車乘務(wù)員的WAI得分有影響；對(duì)高速鐵路機(jī)車乘務(wù)員和普通鐵路機(jī)車乘務(wù)員的FAI個(gè)因子得分進(jìn)行分析,高速鐵路機(jī)車乘務(wù)員和普通鐵路機(jī)車乘務(wù)員的S、SS和PC因子的得分差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義,且高速鐵路機(jī)車乘務(wù)員各因子得分均高于普通鐵路機(jī)車乘務(wù)員,不同高鐵工齡的高速鐵路機(jī)車乘務(wù)員的FAI各因子得分不同,且隨著高鐵工齡的增加的各因子得分也增加。
[Abstract]:Objective: To investigate the mental health status of the working environment of the driver's cab of the existing high-speed railway and the physical health status and mental health status of all the high-speed railway locomotive crew in Guangzhou. the invention analyzes whether the working environment of the locomotive cab of the high-speed railway meets the national relevant occupational health standards, and is aware of the physical health status and the mental health status of the locomotive crew of the high-speed railway, so as to improve the working condition of the locomotive crew of the high-speed railway locomotive, The scientific and reasonable preventive measures and the reference for ensuring the safety of the driving are put forward. Methods: The environment of CRH2 and CRH3 high-speed railway locomotive driver's room was monitored randomly from the south of Guangzhou to Changsha. The main monitoring indexes were micro-climate, noise, electromagnetic radiation, power frequency electromagnetic field, toluene, benzene system, carbon monoxide and dioxides. Carbon, inhalable particulate matter concentration and total colony In this paper, 170 men of all high-speed railway locomotive crew of Guangzhou Locomotive Depot were investigated, and 284 male general railway locomotive crew were selected as control group by stratified sampling method, and their physical health status was divided. The mental health status, work ability and fatigue condition of the questionnaire were investigated. The questionnaire used was SCL-90, work ability index (WAI) and fatigue assessment scale (FA). D. The data was analyzed using the SPSS13.0. The statistical methods used were t-test, variance analysis, card-side test, correlation analysis, and multiple linear regression and the like. Results: (1) The environment of the driver's cab of the high-speed railway locomotive is detected. The results show that the micro-climate, noise, electromagnetic radiation, power frequency electromagnetic field, toluene, benzene system and carbon monoxide The results of the detection of carbon dioxide, inhalable particulate matter concentration and the total number of colonies are in compliance with the State home-related standard. (2) The physical health status of the train crew of the high-speed railway locomotive and the general railway locomotive crew is analyzed, and the top 3 position is an abnormal electrocardiogram, the fatty liver and the uric acid are high, and the BMI between the locomotive crew of the high-speed railway locomotive and the general railway locomotive crew is poor (3) The total score of SCL-90 and the score of each factor of the train crew of the high-speed railway locomotive are higher than that of the general railway locomotive crew. The effect of the factors such as age, marital status, family-month income, monthly average number of sports, interest, locomotive driving service, high-speed rail driving service, cultural degree, smoking and alcohol consumption on the score of SCL-90 was analyzed by the element-linear regression. The proportion of smoking, drinking, culture and age is lower than that of the train crew of the ordinary railway, the evaluation of the subjective working ability of the train crew of the high-speed railway locomotive and the work related to the job demand. the total score of the WAI of the locomotive crew of the high-speed railway locomotive is also obviously lower than that of the general railway locomotive crew, and the locomotive driving service period is also obviously lower than that of the general railway locomotive crew, The influence of smoking, alcohol consumption, cultural degree and age on the WAI score of the train crew of the high-speed railway locomotive is affected, and the FAI factor scores of the train crew of the high-speed railway locomotive and the general railway locomotive crew are analyzed, and the locomotive crew of the high-speed railway locomotive and the general railway locomotive crew are normal. the scores of S, SS and PC factors of the train crew of the railway locomotive are of statistical significance, and the scores of each factor of the locomotive crew of the high-speed railway locomotive are higher than that of the common railway locomotive crew and the train crew of the high-speed railway locomotive with different service levels The scores of each factor of AI are different, and with the increase of the service age of the high-speed rail
【學(xué)位授予單位】：湖南師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號(hào)】：R128.1
[Abstract]:Objective: To investigate the mental health status of the working environment of the driver's cab of the existing high-speed railway and the physical health status and mental health status of all the high-speed railway locomotive crew in Guangzhou. the invention analyzes whether the working environment of the locomotive cab of the high-speed railway meets the national relevant occupational health standards, and is aware of the physical health status and the mental health status of the locomotive crew of the high-speed railway, so as to improve the working condition of the locomotive crew of the high-speed railway locomotive, The scientific and reasonable preventive measures and the reference for ensuring the safety of the driving are put forward. Methods: The environment of CRH2 and CRH3 high-speed railway locomotive driver's room was monitored randomly from the south of Guangzhou to Changsha. The main monitoring indexes were micro-climate, noise, electromagnetic radiation, power frequency electromagnetic field, toluene, benzene system, carbon monoxide and dioxides. Carbon, inhalable particulate matter concentration and total colony In this paper, 170 men of all high-speed railway locomotive crew of Guangzhou Locomotive Depot were investigated, and 284 male general railway locomotive crew were selected as control group by stratified sampling method, and their physical health status was divided. The mental health status, work ability and fatigue condition of the questionnaire were investigated. The questionnaire used was SCL-90, work ability index (WAI) and fatigue assessment scale (FA). D. The data was analyzed using the SPSS13.0. The statistical methods used were t-test, variance analysis, card-side test, correlation analysis, and multiple linear regression and the like. Results: (1) The environment of the driver's cab of the high-speed railway locomotive is detected. The results show that the micro-climate, noise, electromagnetic radiation, power frequency electromagnetic field, toluene, benzene system and carbon monoxide The results of the detection of carbon dioxide, inhalable particulate matter concentration and the total number of colonies are in compliance with the State home-related standard. (2) The physical health status of the train crew of the high-speed railway locomotive and the general railway locomotive crew is analyzed, and the top 3 position is an abnormal electrocardiogram, the fatty liver and the uric acid are high, and the BMI between the locomotive crew of the high-speed railway locomotive and the general railway locomotive crew is poor (3) The total score of SCL-90 and the score of each factor of the train crew of the high-speed railway locomotive are higher than that of the general railway locomotive crew. The effect of the factors such as age, marital status, family-month income, monthly average number of sports, interest, locomotive driving service, high-speed rail driving service, cultural degree, smoking and alcohol consumption on the score of SCL-90 was analyzed by the element-linear regression. The proportion of smoking, drinking, culture and age is lower than that of the train crew of the ordinary railway, the evaluation of the subjective working ability of the train crew of the high-speed railway locomotive and the work related to the job demand. the total score of the WAI of the locomotive crew of the high-speed railway locomotive is also obviously lower than that of the general railway locomotive crew, and the locomotive driving service period is also obviously lower than that of the general railway locomotive crew, The influence of smoking, alcohol consumption, cultural degree and age on the WAI score of the train crew of the high-speed railway locomotive is affected, and the FAI factor scores of the train crew of the high-speed railway locomotive and the general railway locomotive crew are analyzed, and the locomotive crew of the high-speed railway locomotive and the general railway locomotive crew are normal. the scores of S, SS and PC factors of the train crew of the railway locomotive are of statistical significance, and the scores of each factor of the locomotive crew of the high-speed railway locomotive are higher than that of the common railway locomotive crew and the train crew of the high-speed railway locomotive with different service levels The scores of each factor of AI are different, and with the increase of the service age of the high-speed rail
【學(xué)位授予單位】：湖南師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號(hào)】：R128.1
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