【摘要】：本文對運動中的心率、運動恢復(fù)期心率和長期有氧運動前提下的靜息態(tài)心率進(jìn)行了分析,用假設(shè)檢驗和機器學(xué)習(xí)方法找出了運動對心臟自主神經(jīng)活動的影響,以及運動對其他身體健康指標(biāo)的影響。具體分為以下三個方面:第一,分析了不同運動強度下,心率的變化趨勢和復(fù)雜性。心率能夠反映心臟動力控制系統(tǒng)的活動,常用于健康監(jiān)測、運動強度評估和生理喚起度衡量。本文對心率均值、局部Hurst指數(shù)變化范圍和相對波動系數(shù)進(jìn)行加權(quán)融合,提出了反映生理喚起度的新指標(biāo)。心率均值是一種傳統(tǒng)指標(biāo),它能夠反映心臟自主神經(jīng)的活動趨勢,但是不能反映交感神經(jīng)與副交感神經(jīng)在運動過程中的復(fù)雜競爭關(guān)系。靜息態(tài)交感神經(jīng)與副交感神經(jīng)活動處于動態(tài)平衡;運動強度越大交感神經(jīng)活動越強,副交感神經(jīng)活動受到抑制。局部Hurst指數(shù)變化范圍與相對波動系數(shù)能夠反映心跳的漲落信息,它們闡述心跳在多尺度內(nèi)的變化以及長程相關(guān)性。因而,它們作為新的心率指標(biāo),在文中用于揭示心臟自主神經(jīng)活動的競爭關(guān)系。第二,分析了長期有氧運動前提下,靜息態(tài)心率和其他身體健康指標(biāo)的變化趨勢。實驗結(jié)果表明,通過3個月的慢跑運動,被試在睡眠質(zhì)量、精神狀態(tài)、精神壓力等方面自我感覺更健康。通過對血壓的統(tǒng)計分析發(fā)現(xiàn),運動能夠使得血壓趨于更好的狀態(tài),即,運動可以使血壓偏高的被試血壓降低,也使血壓過低的被試血壓升高。在被試體重、身體質(zhì)量指數(shù)以及體脂率指標(biāo)上,統(tǒng)計結(jié)果表明有氧運動具有減脂的效果。因此,長期有氧運動對身體健康有促進(jìn)作用。對被試3個月靜息態(tài)心率分析發(fā)現(xiàn),有氧運動初期(第一月),靜息態(tài)心率變慢;有氧運動中后期(第二,三月),靜息態(tài)心率呈上升趨勢。1/26的被試長期有氧運動后在靜息態(tài)心跳中出現(xiàn)頻發(fā)早搏。第三,分析了運動恢復(fù)期心率,發(fā)現(xiàn)運動恢復(fù)期內(nèi)6/28的被試自主神經(jīng)活動恢復(fù)緩慢,5/28的被試運動恢復(fù)期RR間期出現(xiàn)頻發(fā)早搏,這表明長期有氧運動也存在著自主神經(jīng)活動異常的風(fēng)險。運動后第1分鐘內(nèi)的快速恢復(fù)期,副交感神經(jīng)活動開始變強,爭取自主神經(jīng)活動的控制權(quán),導(dǎo)致心率減緩;運動后1-6分鐘,副交感神經(jīng)活動與交感神經(jīng)活動之間還未達(dá)到動態(tài)平衡;運動結(jié)束6分鐘后,交感神經(jīng)與副交感神經(jīng)重新達(dá)到動態(tài)平衡。本文構(gòu)建了運動恢復(fù)期自主神經(jīng)恢復(fù)緩慢ECG數(shù)據(jù)集和正�；謴�(fù)ECG數(shù)據(jù)集,對RR間期提取219個特征,結(jié)合后向選擇算法與KNN、NB、SVM分類器,建立了運動風(fēng)險預(yù)警系統(tǒng)。有氧運動對自主神經(jīng)活動的負(fù)面影響,用NB分類器得到了68.49%的真陰性率和82.33%的真陽性率,用KNN分類器得到了72.66%的真陰性率和82.65%的真陽性率,用SVM分類器得到了92.09%的真陰性率與82.65%的真陽性率。本文的研究為運動恢復(fù)期自主神經(jīng)活動異常狀態(tài)預(yù)警提供了技術(shù)支撐。
[Abstract]:The heart rate in exercise, heart rate in recovery period and resting state heart rate under the premise of long-term aerobic exercise were analyzed. The effects of exercise on cardiac autonomic nerve activity were found by hypothesis test and machine learning method. And the effect of exercise on other health indicators. It is divided into the following three aspects: first, the change trend and complexity of heart rate under different exercise intensity are analyzed. Heart rate, which can reflect the activities of cardiac dynamic control system, is often used in health monitoring, exercise intensity evaluation and physiological arousal measurement. In this paper, the mean of heart rate, the range of local Hurst exponent and the relative fluctuation coefficient are weighted and fused, and a new index reflecting physiological arousal degree is proposed. Heart rate mean is a traditional index, it can reflect the cardiac autonomic nerve activity trend, but can not reflect the complex competition between sympathetic nerve and parasympathetic nerve in the process of movement. The activity of resting sympathetic nerve and parasympathetic nerve is in dynamic balance, and the stronger the intensity of motion is, the stronger the activity of parasympathetic nerve is. The variation range and relative fluctuation coefficient of local Hurst index can reflect the fluctuation information of heartbeat. They describe the variation of heartbeat in multi-scale and the long-term correlation. Therefore, as a new heart rate indicator, they are used to reveal the competitive relationship of cardiac autonomic nerve activity. Secondly, the changes of resting heart rate and other health indexes were analyzed under the premise of long-term aerobic exercise. The results showed that after 3 months of jogging, the subjects felt healthier in terms of sleep quality, mental state and mental stress. Through the statistical analysis of blood pressure, it is found that exercise can make the blood pressure tend to be better, that is, exercise can reduce the blood pressure of the subjects with high blood pressure, but also make the blood pressure of the subjects with too low blood pressure increase. In terms of body weight, body mass index and body fat rate, the statistical results showed that aerobic exercise had the effect of reducing fat. Therefore, long-term aerobic exercise to promote physical health. At the beginning of aerobic exercise (the first month), the resting state heart rate of the subjects slowed down after 3 months of resting state heart rate analysis. In the middle and late stage of aerobic exercise (second, March), resting heart rate showed an increasing trend. 1 / 26 of the subjects had frequent premature beats in resting heartbeat after long-term aerobic exercise. Thirdly, the heart rate during exercise recovery period was analyzed. It was found that during the exercise recovery period, the autonomic nervous activity of 6 / 28 of the subjects recovered slowly, and 5 / 28 percent of the subjects had frequent premature beats in the RR interval during the exercise recovery period. This suggests that long-term aerobic exercise also has a risk of abnormal autonomic activity. In the rapid recovery period of 1 minute after exercise, parasympathetic nerve activity began to become stronger, striving for the control of autonomic nerve activity, resulting in heart rate slowing down; The dynamic balance between parasympathetic nerve activity and sympathetic nerve activity was not reached at 1-6 minutes after exercise, and the dynamic balance between parasympathetic nerve and parasympathetic nerve was restored after 6 minutes of exercise. In this paper, the ECG data set of autonomic nerve recovery and the ECG data set of normal recovery were constructed, and 219 features of RR interval were extracted, combined with backward selection algorithm and KNN,NB,SVM classifier, the early warning system of motion risk was established. The negative effects of aerobic exercise on autonomic nervous activity were analyzed. The true negative rate and true positive rate were 68.49% and 82.33% by NB classifier, 72.66% and 82.65% by KNN classifier, respectively. The true negative rate of 92.09% and the true positive rate of 82.65% were obtained by using SVM classifier. The research in this paper provides technical support for early warning of abnormal state of autonomic nervous activity in recovery period.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：西南大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：R151

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本文編號：2379735