【摘要】：近年來,隨著我國工業(yè)化社會(huì)的快速推進(jìn)及城市化人口的不斷集中,人們?cè)谏a(chǎn)過程和生活中排放的污染物的種類和數(shù)量日益增多,由此帶來的大氣污染問題日益嚴(yán)重。大氣污染帶來的健康問題也成為大家關(guān)注的焦點(diǎn)問題。幼兒園對(duì)兒童是一個(gè)重要的室內(nèi)環(huán)境,并且有證據(jù)表明學(xué)校建筑的室內(nèi)空氣質(zhì)量和通風(fēng)可能會(huì)影響他們的健康。因此,研究幼兒園室內(nèi)外大氣污染特征及與兒童健康的相關(guān)性,對(duì)于相關(guān)部門制定相應(yīng)的污染防治措施、提高室內(nèi)空氣質(zhì)量及學(xué)生身體健康有著重要的理論和現(xiàn)實(shí)意義。本論文首先采用整群抽樣的方法,對(duì)太原市10所幼兒園的兒童(共4500名兒童)進(jìn)行問卷調(diào)查,并測(cè)定其中507名兒童(245名女生和262名男生)的呼出氣一氧化氮(FeNO)指標(biāo),同時(shí)檢測(cè)FeNO測(cè)定兒童所在班級(jí)的室內(nèi)外主要環(huán)境物污染指標(biāo)。全面結(jié)合環(huán)境污染因素與學(xué)生健康狀況,呼吸疾病相關(guān)檢測(cè)指標(biāo),定量分析環(huán)境暴露-健康效應(yīng)關(guān)系。FeNO和呼吸道癥狀以及環(huán)境數(shù)據(jù)的相關(guān)性使用線性混合模型進(jìn)行分析。真菌DNA和健康癥狀之間的相關(guān)性使用logistic回歸進(jìn)行分析,FeNO和真菌DNA之間的相關(guān)性使用線性回歸模型進(jìn)行分析。結(jié)果表明:(1)室內(nèi)CO_2平均濃度為827 ppm,SO_2、NO_2、PM2.5和甲醛的平均濃度分別為40.5、43.0、267.9和22.8 mg/m3。室外SO_2、NO_2、O3、PM2.5和甲醛的平均濃度分別為106.6、40.9、22.4、244和4.1 mg/m3。SO_2、NO_2、PM2.5和甲醛室內(nèi)/室外比率分別為0.38、1.05、1.10和5.56,由此可知,室外SO_2是室內(nèi)SO_2的主要貢獻(xiàn)源。室內(nèi)溫度較高時(shí),相對(duì)濕度較低,而室內(nèi)甲醛水平較高。室內(nèi)相對(duì)濕度較高時(shí),室內(nèi)CO_2和PM2.5水平較高。室內(nèi)NO_2和SO_2緊密相關(guān),甲醛和PM2.5顯著性負(fù)相關(guān);(2)FeNO的幾何平均數(shù)為9.1±1.5 ppb�？偣灿袌�(bào)告喘息、干咳、鼻炎和肺炎的兒童比例分別為11.6%、6.0%、26.4%和29.2%。FeNO與喘息(OR值1.10,95%CI為1.00~1.22)和肺炎(OR值1.09,95%CI為1.00~1.19)正相關(guān)。FeNO與教室內(nèi)(OR值1.72,95%CI為1.35~2.19)及幼兒園室外(OR值1.48,95%CI為1.13~1.95)PM2.5都為正相關(guān);(3)FeNO與落塵中總真菌DNA(P=0.030)、青霉菌DNA(P=0.026)、雜色曲霉DNA(P=0.012)和鏈霉菌DNA(P=0.018)負(fù)相關(guān)。曾經(jīng)喘息和落塵中總真菌DNA(P=0.037)、青霉菌DNA(P=0.041)、雜色曲霉DNA(P=0.028)負(fù)相關(guān)。過去12個(gè)月喘息和落塵中雜色曲霉DNA負(fù)相關(guān)(P=0.041)。持續(xù)六個(gè)月濕疹和培養(yǎng)皿灰塵中總真菌DNA(P=0.002)、青霉菌DNA(P=0.005)、雜色曲霉DNA(P=0.046)以及鏈霉菌DNA(P=0.002)負(fù)相關(guān)。過去12個(gè)月濕疹和青霉菌DNA成負(fù)相關(guān)(P=0.016)。曾經(jīng)濕疹與總真菌DNA(P=0.008)、青霉菌DNA(P=0.018)以及鏈霉菌DNA(P=0.013)呈負(fù)相關(guān)。本研究結(jié)果表明,太原市幼兒園環(huán)境中可吸入顆粒物PM2.5濃度較高,并且與學(xué)齡前兒童FeNO及喘息和肺炎呈正相關(guān)。這表明PM2.5可能會(huì)引起學(xué)齡前兒童呼吸道炎癥。同時(shí)提示真菌DNA對(duì)喘息和濕疹起保護(hù)作用,這與“衛(wèi)生學(xué)假說”理論相一致,此結(jié)果還有待進(jìn)一步論證。
[Abstract]:In recent years, with the rapid development of China's industrialized society and the continuous concentration of urbanized population, the kinds and quantities of pollutants emitted by people in production process and daily life are increasing day by day, and the air pollution problem is becoming more and more serious. The health problems caused by air pollution have also become the focus of attention. Kindergartens are an important indoor environment for children, and there is evidence that indoor air quality and ventilation in school buildings may affect their health. Therefore, it is of great theoretical and practical significance to study the characteristics of indoor and outdoor air pollution in kindergartens and its correlation with children's health. It is of great theoretical and practical significance for relevant departments to formulate corresponding pollution prevention measures and to improve indoor air quality and students' physical health. In this paper, 4500 children in 10 kindergartens in Taiyuan were investigated by cluster sampling, and the (FeNO) index of exhaled nitric oxide (no) was measured in 507 children (245 girls and 262 boys). At the same time, FeNO was detected to measure the indoor and outdoor main environmental pollution index of the children's class. The relationship between FeNO and respiratory symptoms and environmental data was analyzed by linear mixed model. The relationship between environmental pollution factors and students' health status, respiratory diseases and the relationship between environmental exposure and health effects was analyzed by quantitative analysis. The correlation between environmental pollution factors and respiratory symptoms and environmental data was analyzed by linear mixed model. The correlation between fungal DNA and health symptoms was analyzed by logistic regression, and the correlation between FeNO and fungal DNA was analyzed by linear regression model. The results show that: (1) the average concentration of CO_2 in indoor is 827 ppm,SO_2,NO_2,PM2.5 and the average concentration of formaldehyde is 40.5 mg/m3. 43.0267.9 and 22.8 mg/m3., respectively. The average indoor and outdoor concentrations of SO_2,NO_2,O3,PM2.5 and formaldehyde were 106.6 and 40.9 mg/m3.SO_2,NO_2,PM2.5 and 4.1 mg/m3.SO_2,NO_2,PM2.5, respectively, and the indoor / outdoor ratios of formaldehyde were 0.381.051.10 and 5.56, respectively. Therefore, outdoor SO_2 is the main contribution source of indoor SO_2. When the indoor temperature is high, the relative humidity is lower and the indoor formaldehyde level is higher. When indoor relative humidity was high, the levels of CO_2 and PM2.5 were higher. (2) the geometric average of FeNO was 9.1 鹵1.5 ppb.. In total, the proportion of children who reported wheezing, dry cough, rhinitis and pneumonia was 11.660 or 6.0, respectively. 26.4% and 29.2%.FeNO were positively correlated with wheezing (OR 1.1095 CI 1.001.22) and pneumonia (OR 1.0995 CI 1.001.19). FeNO was positively correlated with classroom (OR 1.72 鹵95CI 1.35 鹵2.19). ) and outdoor (OR = 1.4895 CI = 1.131.95) PM2.5 were positively correlated; (3) FeNO was negatively correlated with total fungi DNA (P0. 030), penicillium DNA (P0. 026), Aspergillus heterochroma DNA (P0. 012) and Streptomyces DNA (P0. 018). The total fungus DNA (P0. 037), Penicillium DNA (P0. 041) and Aspergillus heterochroma DNA (P0. 028) were negatively correlated. There was a negative correlation between wheezing and DNA of Aspergillus heterochroma in the past 12 months (P0. 041). The total fungi DNA (P0. 002), Penicillium DNA (P0. 005), Aspergillus heterochroma DNA (P0. 046) and Streptomyces DNA (P0. 002) were negatively correlated with eczema and petri dish dust for 6 months. There was a negative correlation between eczema and penicillium DNA in the past 12 months (P0. 016). There was a negative correlation between eczema and total fungi DNA (P0. 008), penicillium DNA (P0. 018) and Streptomyces DNA (P0. 013). The results showed that the concentrations of inhalable particulate matter (PM2.5) in kindergartens in Taiyuan City were higher and positively correlated with FeNO, wheezing and pneumonia in preschool children. This suggests that PM2.5 may cause respiratory inflammation in preschool children. It is also suggested that fungal DNA plays a protective role against wheezing and eczema, which is consistent with the theory of "Hygiene hypothesis", and this result needs to be further demonstrated.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：山西大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：R179

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本文編號(hào)：2375916