【摘要】：銅冶煉過程中，車間環(huán)境主要存在煙塵（銅、鉛、鎘、砷等）、SO_2、硫酸霧等空氣污染物，這些污染物會(huì)通過呼吸、皮膚接觸對(duì)作業(yè)人員的身體健康構(gòu)成危害�；谀炽~冶煉廠的工程分析，找出污染物危害的關(guān)鍵控制點(diǎn)；結(jié)合現(xiàn)場(chǎng)監(jiān)測(cè)與實(shí)驗(yàn)室分析，探討各工段車間環(huán)境空氣中重金屬污染、SO_2、硫酸霧等污染的特征；同時(shí)，收集職業(yè)人群年齡、工齡、崗位等信息，采集作業(yè)人員血、尿等生物樣品，分析血鉛、血鎘和尿砷等參數(shù)；采用SPSS16.0、Excel2003軟件進(jìn)行數(shù)據(jù)處理與統(tǒng)計(jì)分析；探討車間空氣污染物的來源，，綜合評(píng)價(jià)車間空氣污染物的分布特征以及對(duì)作業(yè)人員身體健康的影響。結(jié)果表明： （1）由工程分析和現(xiàn)場(chǎng)調(diào)查得出，熔煉車間主要污染物為熔煉過程中產(chǎn)生的含重金屬的煙塵、SO_2；硫酸車間污染程度相對(duì)較高，主要污染物為煙氣中的SO_2和硫酸霧；電解車間及陽極泥處理車間酸性溶液貯槽露天布置形成了無組織酸霧面源；陽極泥處理車間主要污染源是重金屬煙塵、SO_2；亞砷酸生產(chǎn)是濕法過程，主要的污染物是砷及其化合物和硫酸霧。 （2）車間環(huán)境空氣污染以重金屬、SO_2為主。車間環(huán)境空氣中的重金屬污染主要集中在熔煉車間，其中銅的濃度范圍是0.001~0.268mg/m~3，鉛的濃度范圍是0.030~0.135mg/m~3，鎘的濃度范圍是0.020~0.630mg/m~3，砷的濃度范圍是0.001~0.227mg/m~3，濃度均值大于陽極泥處理車間；SO_2污染分布比較廣，熔煉車間的濃度范圍是0.25~15.51mg/m~3，高于車間外環(huán)境，也高于其他車間；電解車間砷化氫污染較為嚴(yán)重，濃度范圍是0.030~0.214mg/m~3；電解車間硫酸霧濃度范圍是0.13~0.98mg/m~3，均值高于其它車間。 （3）鉛污染對(duì)作業(yè)人群的危害較大。整體血鉛濃度與年齡、工齡相關(guān)性不顯著(P＞0.05)，但回轉(zhuǎn)窯、金銀電解工段職工血鉛濃度與年齡相關(guān)性顯著（P＜0.05），回轉(zhuǎn)窯工段血鉛濃度與工齡相關(guān)性顯著（P＜0.05），男性組與女性組間血鉛濃度差異有極顯著性意義(P＜0.01)，男性組血鉛水平顯著高于女性組水平；血鎘濃度與年齡、工齡相關(guān)性不顯著(P＞0.05)；尿砷濃度與年齡、工齡的相關(guān)性不顯著(P＞0.05)，男性組與女性組間尿砷濃度不存在顯著性差異(P＞0.05)。 （4）冶煉廠采取了較為先進(jìn)的環(huán)保措施，采取的管理措施在環(huán)境監(jiān)管方面起到了積極作用。
[Abstract]:In the process of copper smelting, smoke and dust (copper, lead, cadmium, arsenic, etc.), SO_2, sulfuric acid mist and other air pollutants exist in the workshop environment. These pollutants will be harmful to the health of workers through breathing and skin contact. Based on the engineering analysis of a copper smelter, the key control points of pollutant hazard are found out, and the characteristics of heavy metal pollution and SO_2, sulfuric acid mist pollution in the environment of each workshop are discussed in combination with field monitoring and laboratory analysis. At the same time, collecting the age, length of service, post and other information of the occupational population, collecting the blood, urine and other biological samples, analyzing the parameters of blood lead, blood cadmium and urine arsenic, using SPSS16.0,Excel2003 software for data processing and statistical analysis; The sources of air pollutants in the workshop were discussed, and the distribution characteristics of air pollutants in the workshop and their effects on the health of the workers were comprehensively evaluated. The results are as follows: (1) from engineering analysis and field investigation, the main pollutants in smelting workshop are heavy metal soot, SO_2;. The pollution degree of sulfuric acid workshop is relatively high, the main pollutants are SO_2 and sulfuric acid mist in flue gas, the open air arrangement of acid solution storage tank in electrolytic workshop and anode mud treatment workshop forms an unorganized acid fog surface source. The main pollution source of anode mud treatment workshop is heavy metal dust, the production of SO_2; arsenite is a wet process, and the main pollutants are arsenic and its compounds and sulfuric acid mist. (2) heavy metal and SO_2 were the main air pollution in workshop. Heavy metal pollution in the ambient air of the workshop is mainly concentrated in the smelting workshop, in which the concentration range of copper is 0.001 ~ 0.268 mg / m ~ (-3), lead is 0.030 ~ 0.135 mg / m ~ (3), cadmium is 0.020 ~ 0. 630 mg / m ~ (3), CD is 0.020 ~ 0.30 mg / m ~ (3), and the concentration range of CD is 0.020 ~ 0.30 mg / m ~ (3). The concentration range of arsenic is 0.001 ~ 0.227 mg / m ~ (3), and the average concentration of arsenic is larger than that of anode mud treatment workshop. The concentration range of SO_2 is 0.25 ~ 15.51 mg / m ~ (-3), which is higher than that of outside environment and other workshops, and the pollution of hydrogen arsenide in electrolytic workshop is more serious, the concentration range is 0.030 ~ 0.214 mg / m ~ (3). The concentration range of sulfuric acid mist in electrolytic workshop is 0.13 ~ 0.98 mg / m ~ (-3), which is higher than that in other workshops. (3) lead pollution is harmful to the working population. There was no significant correlation between blood lead concentration and age (P > 0.05), but there was a significant correlation between blood lead concentration and age in rotary kiln, gold and silver electrolysis workers (P < 0.05). There was a significant correlation between blood lead concentration and working age in rotary kiln (P < 0.05). There was significant difference between male group and female group (P < 0.01). The level of blood lead in male group was significantly higher than that in female group. There was no significant correlation between blood cadmium concentration and age, length of service (P > 0.05), urinary arsenic concentration with age and length of service (P > 0.05), and there was no significant difference between male group and female group (P > 0.05). (4) the smelter has taken more advanced environmental protection measures, and the management measures have played an active role in environmental supervision.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：南昌航空大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類號(hào)】：R134;X51

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