發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-11-16 08:50

【摘要】：目的：通過引用模糊綜合風(fēng)險(xiǎn)評估法對噴涂行業(yè)職業(yè)病危害的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)進(jìn)行評估，建立一種全面的定量的多因素綜合評價(jià)方法。 研究方法：研究模糊數(shù)學(xué)模型評價(jià)方法在噴涂行業(yè)環(huán)境職業(yè)病危害風(fēng)險(xiǎn)評價(jià)中的應(yīng)用。根據(jù)噴涂行業(yè)的特點(diǎn)，對園區(qū)存在噴涂作業(yè)的企業(yè)進(jìn)行調(diào)查，梳理該行業(yè)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)評價(jià)指標(biāo)，篩選出適合該行業(yè)職業(yè)危害風(fēng)險(xiǎn)評估的主要因素，采用職業(yè)病危害因素濃度或者強(qiáng)度分級確定各級指標(biāo)的權(quán)重，以接觸人數(shù)比值確定權(quán)重系數(shù)。采用分層抽樣的方法，，選取9家不同資金注冊類型并存在噴涂作業(yè)環(huán)境的企業(yè)，收集其職業(yè)病危害因素現(xiàn)場檢測數(shù)據(jù)、單一危害因素接觸人數(shù)、總接觸人數(shù)等，計(jì)算9家企業(yè)隸屬度，根據(jù)三種企業(yè)注冊類型（外資、港澳臺和內(nèi)資）建立矩陣，利用模糊數(shù)學(xué)模型，綜合評判9家企業(yè)三種不同類型的噴涂作業(yè)環(huán)境的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)等級。 結(jié)果：初步建立了適合噴涂行業(yè)職業(yè)病危害風(fēng)險(xiǎn)評估的指標(biāo)體系及評判標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。通過該行業(yè)主要職業(yè)病危害因素毒物（苯、甲苯、二甲苯）、粉塵和噪聲的檢測結(jié)果組成單因素評價(jià)集，接觸人數(shù)比為權(quán)重系數(shù)，確定單因素評價(jià)集，得到9家噴涂企業(yè)職業(yè)病危害風(fēng)險(xiǎn)等級，其中甲、乙、丙、丁、戊、辛企業(yè)噴涂作業(yè)環(huán)境職業(yè)危害等級為“輕微”，己、壬企業(yè)等級為“輕度”，庚企業(yè)等級為“中度”。運(yùn)用分層抽樣，對9家企業(yè)以3種不同注冊類型進(jìn)行分類，各企業(yè)隸屬度組成綜合評價(jià)矩陣，進(jìn)行矩陣計(jì)算，對不同類型企業(yè)噴涂作業(yè)環(huán)境進(jìn)行模糊綜合評價(jià)，得到3種不同類型企業(yè)職業(yè)病危害風(fēng)險(xiǎn)評價(jià)等級。所選外資和港澳臺企業(yè)職業(yè)病危害模糊綜合風(fēng)險(xiǎn)評價(jià)等級為第Ⅱ級“良好”，內(nèi)資企業(yè)為第Ⅲ級“一般”。 結(jié)論：(1)通過運(yùn)用模糊數(shù)學(xué)模型對職業(yè)病危害因素的監(jiān)測數(shù)據(jù)定量分析，矩陣計(jì)算，采用最大隸屬度所屬的等級區(qū)間范圍判定其職業(yè)危害的程度，科學(xué)、直觀，具有說服力；(2)通過9家企業(yè)分析，得出的結(jié)果是：“甲、乙、丙、丁、戊、辛企業(yè)噴涂作業(yè)環(huán)境職業(yè)危害等級為輕微，己、壬企業(yè)噴涂作業(yè)環(huán)境職業(yè)危害等級為輕度，庚企業(yè)噴涂作業(yè)環(huán)境職業(yè)危害等級為中度”。(3)根據(jù)模糊數(shù)學(xué)隸屬度建立的數(shù)學(xué)模型，計(jì)算出3種不同性質(zhì)企業(yè)的噴涂作業(yè)環(huán)境的綜合評價(jià)值，得出結(jié)論：外資和港澳臺企業(yè)噴涂作業(yè)環(huán)境綜合評價(jià)Ⅱ級，為“良，低風(fēng)險(xiǎn)”，內(nèi)資企業(yè)噴涂作業(yè)環(huán)境綜合評價(jià)Ⅲ級，為“一般，一般風(fēng)險(xiǎn)”。(4)給出了不同風(fēng)險(xiǎn)等級采取相應(yīng)的控制措施的建議，防止職業(yè)危害的發(fā)生，保護(hù)勞動者的身體健康。
[Abstract]:Objective: to evaluate the risk of occupational disease hazards in spraying industry by using fuzzy comprehensive risk assessment method and to establish a comprehensive quantitative multi-factor comprehensive evaluation method. Methods: the application of fuzzy mathematical model to the risk assessment of environmental occupational hazards in spraying industry was studied. According to the characteristics of spraying industry, this paper investigates the enterprises with spraying operation in the park, combs the risk evaluation index of the industry, and selects out the main factors suitable for the risk assessment of occupational hazards in this industry. The weight of each index was determined by the classification of occupational hazard factor concentration or intensity, and the weight coefficient was determined by the ratio of exposure number. Adopting stratified sampling method, 9 enterprises with different fund registration types and existing spraying working environment were selected to collect the field detection data of occupational disease hazard factors, single hazard factor exposure number, total exposure number and so on. According to three kinds of enterprise registration types (foreign capital, Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan and domestic investment), the matrix was established. The fuzzy mathematical model was used to comprehensively judge the risk grade of three different types of spraying environment in 9 enterprises. Results: the index system and evaluation standard for occupational hazard risk assessment in spraying industry were preliminarily established. The main occupational hazard factors in this industry, such as benzene, toluene, xylene, dust and noise, were used to form a single factor evaluation set, and the exposure ratio was the weight coefficient to determine the single factor evaluation set. The occupational hazard risk grade of 9 spraying enterprises was obtained. The occupational hazard grade of spraying operation environment in A, B, C, D, E, E and X enterprises was "mild", "mild" and "moderate". By using stratified sampling, 9 enterprises are classified into three different registration types, each enterprise membership degree constitutes a comprehensive evaluation matrix, the matrix calculation is carried out, and the fuzzy comprehensive evaluation of different types of enterprise spraying working environment is carried out. Three different types of occupational disease hazard risk evaluation grades were obtained. The fuzzy comprehensive risk evaluation grade of occupational hazards of foreign capital and Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan enterprises is grade 鈪

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