發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-11-12 07:11

【摘要】：20世紀(jì)80年代,英國(guó)的瘋牛病危機(jī)給歐洲各國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)造成了嚴(yán)重?fù)p失,對(duì)歐盟成員國(guó)的國(guó)家穩(wěn)定和整個(gè)地區(qū)的團(tuán)結(jié)造成威脅,對(duì)全球范圍內(nèi)的牛肉貿(mào)易帶來(lái)了巨大影響,也對(duì)人們的健康與安全埋下了長(zhǎng)期隱患,牛肉安全逐漸引起人們的關(guān)注與重視。本文首先界定歐盟“牛肉安全”的內(nèi)涵,然后從歐盟經(jīng)濟(jì)、政治、一體化進(jìn)程三個(gè)方面的影響對(duì)瘋牛病等一系列食品安全問(wèn)題進(jìn)行解釋,從而闡述歐盟牛肉安全機(jī)制的運(yùn)行背景。歐盟牛肉安全機(jī)制創(chuàng)立于歐盟食品安全機(jī)制完善發(fā)展的過(guò)程之中,歐盟的食品安全法規(guī)政策、監(jiān)督機(jī)構(gòu)設(shè)置以及技術(shù)實(shí)施措施都主導(dǎo)著區(qū)內(nèi)牛肉安全機(jī)制的方方面面。在歐盟食品安全機(jī)制的宏觀指導(dǎo)下,結(jié)合自身的實(shí)際情況,歐盟頒布了包括福利、衛(wèi)生、飼料、藥品、殘留和進(jìn)口等全方位的牛肉安全法規(guī)政策,構(gòu)成了統(tǒng)一的牛肉安全監(jiān)管機(jī)構(gòu),并不斷探求國(guó)際合作,靠近國(guó)際標(biāo)準(zhǔn),加強(qiáng)糾紛解決,形成了獨(dú)具特色的地區(qū)性牛肉安全保障系統(tǒng)。歐盟牛肉安全保障平臺(tái)有效應(yīng)對(duì)了2000年歐洲第二次牛肉風(fēng)波,細(xì)化并補(bǔ)充了成員國(guó)的牛肉安全政策,增加了牛肉生產(chǎn)全程的透明性,保證了牛肉貿(mào)易的順利進(jìn)行。即便如此,該機(jī)制仍非完美。瘋牛病危機(jī)尚未完全解除,機(jī)制內(nèi)的相關(guān)機(jī)構(gòu)仍需加大研究與防范；出于牛肉安全考慮,缺乏對(duì)地區(qū)牛肉貿(mào)易協(xié)調(diào)安排的具體方案；多層次的機(jī)制安排,容易造成監(jiān)管漏洞和政策實(shí)施偏差。針對(duì)這些具體情況,本文最后從政治、生產(chǎn)、貿(mào)易和金融四個(gè)方面為進(jìn)一步完善歐盟牛肉安全機(jī)制提出建議,并對(duì)機(jī)制的未來(lái)發(fā)展做出展望。相信通過(guò)各國(guó)的共同努力,不斷完善發(fā)展的歐盟牛肉安全機(jī)制必定會(huì)為歐盟未來(lái)的食品安全保好駕、護(hù)好航。
[Abstract]:In the 1980s, the British mad cow disease crisis caused serious losses to the European economies, threatened the national stability of the EU member states and the unity of the whole region, and had a great impact on the global beef trade. The health and safety of people is also buried a long-term hidden danger, beef safety gradually attracted people's attention and attention. This paper first defines the connotation of "beef safety" in EU, and then explains a series of food safety problems such as mad cow disease from three aspects of EU economy, politics and integration process. Therefore, the operation background of EU beef safety mechanism is expounded. EU beef safety mechanism was established in the process of the improvement and development of EU food safety mechanism. The EU food safety regulations and policies, monitoring agencies and technical implementation measures all dominate the beef safety mechanism in all aspects. Under the macro guidance of the food safety mechanism of the European Union and in the light of its own actual situation, the European Union has promulgated comprehensive beef safety laws and regulations including welfare, health, feed, medicine, residues and imports. It constitutes a unified beef safety regulatory body, and constantly explores international cooperation, close to international standards, strengthens dispute resolution, and forms a unique regional beef security system. The EU beef security platform effectively responded to the second beef storm in Europe in 2000, refined and supplemented the beef safety policies of member countries, increased the transparency of the whole beef production process, and ensured the smooth progress of beef trade. Even so, the mechanism is not perfect. The crisis of mad cow disease has not been completely resolved, the relevant institutions in the mechanism still need to increase research and prevention, for the sake of beef safety, there is a lack of specific plan of coordination arrangement for regional beef trade. The multi-level mechanism arrangement, easy to cause the supervision loophole and the policy implementation deviation. In view of these specific conditions, this paper puts forward some suggestions for further improving the EU beef security mechanism from four aspects of politics, production, trade and finance, and makes a prospect for the future development of the mechanism. It is believed that through the joint efforts of various countries, the developing EU beef safety mechanism will surely ensure the future food safety of the EU and protect its navigation.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：華中師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類號(hào)】：R155.5;F203

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