【摘要】：目的分析西安市2006-2016年學(xué)校水痘暴發(fā)疫情的流行病學(xué)特征及應(yīng)急處置效果,為今后的疫情防控提供參考。方法在《突發(fā)公共衛(wèi)生事件管理信息系統(tǒng)》中搜集并整理該市2006-2016年報(bào)告的學(xué)校水痘暴發(fā)疫情資料,采用描述性流行病學(xué)方法進(jìn)行分析。結(jié)果共報(bào)告水痘暴發(fā)疫情17起,涉及病例586例,波及人數(shù)22 332人,無(wú)死亡病例。其中"未分級(jí)"疫情14起535例,"一般"級(jí)別3起51例。暴發(fā)疫情呈雙峰分布,主峰在5-6月(共8起),次峰在10-11月(共5起)。農(nóng)村學(xué)校2006-2012年暴發(fā)疫情數(shù)高于城鎮(zhèn)學(xué)校,2013-2016年則低于城鎮(zhèn)學(xué)校。小學(xué)共暴發(fā)16起水痘疫情,占94.12%(16/17)。從首例發(fā)病到接到信息報(bào)告的時(shí)間中位數(shù)為16 d,疫情持續(xù)的時(shí)間中位數(shù)為28 d,疫情報(bào)告時(shí)間與持續(xù)時(shí)間正相關(guān)(r_s=0.816,P0.05)。結(jié)論水痘暴發(fā)疫情的高危場(chǎng)所主要是小學(xué),且有從農(nóng)村向城鎮(zhèn)轉(zhuǎn)移的趨勢(shì)。在其流行季節(jié)更要加強(qiáng)學(xué)校的疫情監(jiān)測(cè)和防控。及早報(bào)告和有效的應(yīng)急處置有助于疫情的及時(shí)控制。
[Abstract]:Objective to analyze the epidemiological characteristics and emergency response of school chickenpox outbreak in Xi'an from 2006 to 2016 so as to provide a reference for the prevention and control of the disease in the future. Methods the data of school chickenpox outbreaks reported in the city from 2006 to 2016 were collected and sorted in the Emergency Public Health incident Management Information system. Descriptive epidemiological methods were used to analyze the data. Results A total of 17 outbreaks of chickenpox were reported, involving 586 cases. Among them, 14 cases were not classified and 51 cases were in average grade. The main peak was in May to June (8 cases) and the second peak was in October to November (5 cases). The number of outbreaks in rural schools in 2006-2012 was higher than that in urban schools, and in 2013-2016 it was lower than in urban schools. A total of 16 varicella outbreaks occurred in primary schools, accounting for 94.12% (16 / 17). The median time from the first case to receiving the information report was 16 days, and the median of the epidemic situation duration was 28 days. The reporting time was positively correlated with the duration (rs0. 816% P 0.05). Conclusion the high risk area of varicella outbreak is mainly primary school and has the tendency of transferring from countryside to town. In its epidemic season to strengthen the school epidemic surveillance and prevention and control. Early reporting and effective emergency response contribute to the timely control of the epidemic.
【作者單位】： 西安市疾病預(yù)防控制中心傳染病控制科;
【分類號(hào)】：R181.3;R511.5

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