【摘要】：[目的]調(diào)查某鉛冶煉廠職業(yè)危害情況,研究鉛等職業(yè)病危害因素在作業(yè)場所的分布及其對作業(yè)人群的健康影響；為預(yù)防、控制和消除職業(yè)病危害,防治職業(yè)病提供科學(xué)依據(jù)。 [方法]參照《工作場所空氣中有害物質(zhì)監(jiān)測的采樣規(guī)范》、《建設(shè)項目職業(yè)病危害評價規(guī)范》等職業(yè)衛(wèi)生標(biāo)準(zhǔn)和規(guī)范,對該鉛冶煉廠作業(yè)場所的職業(yè)病危害因素進(jìn)行監(jiān)測,對鉛、砷、鎘作業(yè)工人進(jìn)行職業(yè)健康檢查等。 [結(jié)果]該鉛冶煉企業(yè)存在鉛、砷、鎘、二氧化硫、一氧化碳、砷化氫、硫化氫、硫酸霧、氧化鋅、噪聲、粉塵等職業(yè)病危害因素；鉛、砷、鎘超標(biāo)嚴(yán)重；作業(yè)場所空氣中鉛、砷、鎘接觸崗位時間加權(quán)平均濃度(TWA)超標(biāo)率分別為64.3%,16.7%,37.50%,TWA最高超過國家職業(yè)衛(wèi)生標(biāo)準(zhǔn)分別為88.4倍、11.8倍、40.7倍,砷化氫、粉塵、噪聲個別測定點(diǎn)和崗位時間加權(quán)平均濃度(強(qiáng)度)超過國家職業(yè)衛(wèi)生標(biāo)準(zhǔn)；二氧化硫、一氧化碳、硫化氫、硫酸霧、氧化鋅等化學(xué)有害因素濃度均未超過國家職業(yè)衛(wèi)生標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。731名接觸鉛作業(yè)人群中,尿鉛含量超標(biāo)324人,超標(biāo)率為44.3%；719名接觸砷作業(yè)人群中,發(fā)砷含量超標(biāo)304人,超標(biāo)率為42.3%；389名接觸鎘作業(yè)人群中,尿鎘含量超標(biāo)321人,超標(biāo)率為82.5%。 [結(jié)論]該鉛冶煉廠生產(chǎn)作業(yè)場所存在較嚴(yán)重的鉛、砷、鎘污染,作業(yè)人員鉛、砷、鎘負(fù)荷比較高,血鉛、發(fā)砷、尿鎘超標(biāo)現(xiàn)象嚴(yán)重,應(yīng)盡快采取積極有效職業(yè)病危害防護(hù)措施。
[Abstract]:[objective] to investigate the occupational hazards in a lead smelter, to study the distribution of occupational hazards such as lead in the workplace and their health effects on the working population, and to provide scientific basis for the prevention, control and elimination of occupational hazards and the prevention and control of occupational diseases. [methods] with reference to the occupational health standards and norms such as the sampling Standard for the Monitoring of harmful substances in the Air in the Workplace and the Occupational Disease Hazard Evaluation Standard of the Construction Project, the occupational disease hazard factors in the workplace of the lead smelter were monitored, and lead was monitored. Workers exposed to arsenic and cadmium carry out occupational health examinations. [results] lead, arsenic, cadmium, sulfur dioxide, carbon monoxide, hydrogen arsenide, sulfuric acid mist, zinc oxide, noise, dust and other occupational hazard factors existed in the lead smelting enterprise. The average concentration of arsenic and cadmium in exposure to time was 64.316.7% and 37.50 times higher than the national occupational health standard. The highest value of (TWA) was 88.4 times, 11.8 times and 40.7 times higher than the national occupational health standard, respectively, and hydrogen arsenide and dust, respectively, were 40.7 times higher than that of the national occupational health standard. Noise measurement points and working-time weighted average concentrations (intensity) exceed national occupational health standards; sulfur dioxide, carbon monoxide, hydrogen sulfide, sulfuric acid mist, The concentration of chemical harmful factors such as zinc oxide did not exceed the national occupational health standard. The lead content in urine exceeded the standard for 324 people, and the rate of exceeding the standard was 44.3%. The hair arsenic content exceeded the standard for 304 people, and the excess rate was 42.3%. In 389 exposed people, the urine cadmium content exceeded the standard by 321, and the rate of exceeding the standard was 82.5. [conclusion] there are serious pollution of lead, arsenic and cadmium in the production site of the lead smelter. The load of lead, arsenic and cadmium on the workers is high, and the phenomena of blood lead, hair arsenic and urine cadmium exceeding the standard are serious. Active and effective measures should be taken to prevent occupational hazards as soon as possible.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：中南大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類號】：R13

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