蓄電池行業(yè)鉛職業(yè)危害現(xiàn)況及防治對策研究
發(fā)布時間：2018-10-09 10:20
【摘要】：【研究目的】 調(diào)查山東省內(nèi)典型的鉛酸蓄電池企業(yè)鉛職業(yè)危害現(xiàn)況及工作人員的職業(yè)健康狀況，并探討鉛化合物對勞動者各種健康指標的影響。 根據(jù)調(diào)查的山東省內(nèi)鉛酸蓄電池企業(yè)職業(yè)危害現(xiàn)狀及勞動者的健康狀況，制定山東省內(nèi)鉛蓄電池企業(yè)職業(yè)危害防護對策，為山東省鉛酸蓄電池企業(yè)職業(yè)衛(wèi)生管理和職業(yè)衛(wèi)生監(jiān)督提供依據(jù)。 【研究方法】 采用現(xiàn)場職業(yè)衛(wèi)生調(diào)查、職業(yè)危害因素檢測檢驗等方法，收集鉛蓄電池生產(chǎn)工藝中的數(shù)據(jù)資料，對存在的職業(yè)危害因素進行識別、分析及評價；并根據(jù)GBZ188-2007《職業(yè)健康監(jiān)護技術規(guī)范》的要求,對鉛蓄電池企業(yè)員工進行職業(yè)健康體檢。 在《中華人民共和國職業(yè)病防治法》的總體指導思想下，根據(jù)對山東省鉛蓄電池企業(yè)職業(yè)危害現(xiàn)況以及工人職業(yè)健康檢查的結果，結合近些年來對我省多家鉛酸蓄電池企業(yè)的現(xiàn)場調(diào)查和走訪所獲取的信息，按照國家相關標準和規(guī)范進行制定。 【研究結果】 1鉛蓄電池企業(yè)調(diào)查結果顯示：鉛塵、鉛煙指標中分別有75%和78%超標；超標點主要分布在包片、涂片、分片、焊接及稱片崗位中。 2作業(yè)工人職業(yè)健康體檢結果顯示：血鉛水平達到400μg/L以上者占檢測總人數(shù)的7.50%，而且男性工作者的血鉛水平要比女性的高；尿鉛水平達到70μg/L以上者占檢測總人數(shù)的2.30%；結果還顯示鉛化合物只對女性鉛作業(yè)者血清ALT產(chǎn)生影響（P0.05），鉛還可使心電圖異常率升高（P0.05）；鉛可以降低血清超氧化物歧化酶(superoxide dismutase,SOD)的含量（P0.05），影響能量代謝指標琥珀酸脫氫酶(uccinatedehydrogenase，SDH）的活性，且存在性別差異（P0.05）。鉛對該作業(yè)人群的血常規(guī)指標、尿常規(guī)異常率、血壓水平、血清丙二醛（malondialdehyde, MDA）含量及總ATP酶活性的影響差異無統(tǒng)計學意義（P0.05）。 3建立了山東省鉛蓄電池企業(yè)職業(yè)危害防護對策，包括以下幾個方面：基本要求、生產(chǎn)工藝中的防護措施、防護設備的衛(wèi)生要求、個人防護的衛(wèi)生要求、工作場所職業(yè)危害因素監(jiān)測、職業(yè)健康監(jiān)護、職業(yè)衛(wèi)生管理、應急救援。 【研究結論】 1鉛蓄電池企業(yè)主要的職業(yè)危害因素為鉛煙、鉛塵；包片、涂片、分片、焊接及稱片崗位鉛超標嚴重，而且焊接及包片崗位的工人血鉛及尿鉛超標嚴重，所以鉛蓄電池生產(chǎn)工藝的關鍵控制點應設在焊接和包片崗位。 2職業(yè)健康結果顯示，在該人群中，可以顯現(xiàn)出鉛化合物對女性鉛作業(yè)者血清ALT的影響，鉛也可以導致心電圖異常率升高,可以降低血清SOD的活性，但未顯示出鉛對血清MDA含量的影響，，提示，鉛還沒有達到能夠損傷質(zhì)膜而產(chǎn)生MDA的濃度，SOD可以作為鉛對機體造成氧化損傷的早期診斷指標之一；本實驗還提示，鉛可以影響能量代謝指標SDH的活性，且具有性別差異。 3本研究初步建立了山東省鉛酸蓄電池企業(yè)職業(yè)危害防護對策。
[Abstract]:[objective] to investigate the occupational hazards of lead and occupational health of workers in typical lead-acid battery enterprises in Shandong province, and to explore the effects of lead compounds on various health indicators of workers. According to the status quo of occupational hazards and the health of workers in the lead-acid battery enterprises in Shandong province, the countermeasures of occupational hazard protection for lead-acid battery enterprises in Shandong province were formulated. It provides the basis for occupational health management and occupational health supervision in Shandong lead-acid battery enterprises. [methods] the data of lead-acid storage battery production process were collected, and the existing occupational hazard factors were identified, analyzed and evaluated by the methods of on-site occupational health investigation and occupational hazard factor detection and inspection. According to the requirement of GBZ188-2007 (Technical Specification for Occupational Health Monitoring), the occupational health examination was carried out for the employees of lead-acid battery enterprises. Under the general guiding ideology of the Law of the people's Republic of China on the Prevention and Control of Occupational Diseases, according to the present situation of occupational hazards in lead-acid battery enterprises in Shandong Province and the results of the occupational health inspection of workers, Based on the information obtained from the field investigation and visit of several lead-acid battery enterprises in recent years, the relevant national standards and norms are established. The results showed that 75% and 78% of the lead-dust and lead-smoke indexes exceeded the standard respectively, and the overpunctuation points were mainly distributed in the posts of package, smear, slice, welding and sheet. (2) the results of occupational health examination of workers showed that the blood lead level above 400 渭 g / L accounted for 7.50% of the total number of people tested, and the blood lead level of male workers was higher than that of female workers, and the urine lead level was more than 70 渭 g / L accounting for 2.30% of the total number of people tested. The results also showed that lead compounds only affected serum ALT of female lead workers (P0.05), and lead also increased the abnormal rate of electrocardiogram (P0.05). Lead can reduce the content of serum superoxide dismutase (superoxide dismutase,SOD) (P0.05), affect the activity of succinate dehydrogenase (uccinatedehydrogenase,SDH), and there is a gender difference (P0.05). There was no significant difference in blood routine index, urine routine abnormality rate, blood pressure level, serum malondialdehyde (malondialdehyde, MDA) content and total ATP enzyme activity (P0.05). (3) the countermeasures of occupational hazard protection for lead-storage battery enterprises in Shandong Province were established, including the following aspects: basic requirements, protective measures in production process, sanitary requirements for protective equipment, and hygiene requirements for personal protection. Workplace occupational hazard monitoring, occupational health management, emergency rescue. [conclusion] 1the main occupational hazard factors of lead-storage battery enterprises are lead smoke, lead dust, coating, smear, slicing, welding, and serious excessive lead in the post of lead storage battery, and the main occupational hazard factors of lead-storage battery are lead fume and lead dust. In addition, the blood lead and urine lead of the workers in the welding and packing positions are seriously exceeded, so the key control point of the lead-acid battery production process should be in the welding and wrapping positions. 2 the results of occupational health showed that the effect of lead compounds on serum ALT of female lead workers could be shown in this population. Lead can also lead to an increase in abnormal ECG rate and decrease the activity of serum SOD. However, the effect of lead on the content of MDA in serum has not been shown, suggesting that the concentration of lead which can damage the plasma membrane and produce MDA may be one of the early diagnostic indexes of oxidative damage caused by lead. Lead can affect the activity of energy metabolism index SDH, and it has sex difference. In this study, the countermeasures of occupational hazard protection for lead-acid battery enterprises in Shandong Province were preliminarily established.
【學位授予單位】：濟南大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：R135.11
本文編號：2258981
[Abstract]:[objective] to investigate the occupational hazards of lead and occupational health of workers in typical lead-acid battery enterprises in Shandong province, and to explore the effects of lead compounds on various health indicators of workers. According to the status quo of occupational hazards and the health of workers in the lead-acid battery enterprises in Shandong province, the countermeasures of occupational hazard protection for lead-acid battery enterprises in Shandong province were formulated. It provides the basis for occupational health management and occupational health supervision in Shandong lead-acid battery enterprises. [methods] the data of lead-acid storage battery production process were collected, and the existing occupational hazard factors were identified, analyzed and evaluated by the methods of on-site occupational health investigation and occupational hazard factor detection and inspection. According to the requirement of GBZ188-2007 (Technical Specification for Occupational Health Monitoring), the occupational health examination was carried out for the employees of lead-acid battery enterprises. Under the general guiding ideology of the Law of the people's Republic of China on the Prevention and Control of Occupational Diseases, according to the present situation of occupational hazards in lead-acid battery enterprises in Shandong Province and the results of the occupational health inspection of workers, Based on the information obtained from the field investigation and visit of several lead-acid battery enterprises in recent years, the relevant national standards and norms are established. The results showed that 75% and 78% of the lead-dust and lead-smoke indexes exceeded the standard respectively, and the overpunctuation points were mainly distributed in the posts of package, smear, slice, welding and sheet. (2) the results of occupational health examination of workers showed that the blood lead level above 400 渭 g / L accounted for 7.50% of the total number of people tested, and the blood lead level of male workers was higher than that of female workers, and the urine lead level was more than 70 渭 g / L accounting for 2.30% of the total number of people tested. The results also showed that lead compounds only affected serum ALT of female lead workers (P0.05), and lead also increased the abnormal rate of electrocardiogram (P0.05). Lead can reduce the content of serum superoxide dismutase (superoxide dismutase,SOD) (P0.05), affect the activity of succinate dehydrogenase (uccinatedehydrogenase,SDH), and there is a gender difference (P0.05). There was no significant difference in blood routine index, urine routine abnormality rate, blood pressure level, serum malondialdehyde (malondialdehyde, MDA) content and total ATP enzyme activity (P0.05). (3) the countermeasures of occupational hazard protection for lead-storage battery enterprises in Shandong Province were established, including the following aspects: basic requirements, protective measures in production process, sanitary requirements for protective equipment, and hygiene requirements for personal protection. Workplace occupational hazard monitoring, occupational health management, emergency rescue. [conclusion] 1the main occupational hazard factors of lead-storage battery enterprises are lead smoke, lead dust, coating, smear, slicing, welding, and serious excessive lead in the post of lead storage battery, and the main occupational hazard factors of lead-storage battery are lead fume and lead dust. In addition, the blood lead and urine lead of the workers in the welding and packing positions are seriously exceeded, so the key control point of the lead-acid battery production process should be in the welding and wrapping positions. 2 the results of occupational health showed that the effect of lead compounds on serum ALT of female lead workers could be shown in this population. Lead can also lead to an increase in abnormal ECG rate and decrease the activity of serum SOD. However, the effect of lead on the content of MDA in serum has not been shown, suggesting that the concentration of lead which can damage the plasma membrane and produce MDA may be one of the early diagnostic indexes of oxidative damage caused by lead. Lead can affect the activity of energy metabolism index SDH, and it has sex difference. In this study, the countermeasures of occupational hazard protection for lead-acid battery enterprises in Shandong Province were preliminarily established.
【學位授予單位】：濟南大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：R135.11
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本文編號：2258981
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